Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic gonorrhoea prevalence assessments in the general population or proxies thereof (including pregnant women, women attending family planning clinics, military recruits, and men undergoing employment physicals for example) and i...

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Autores principales:	Jane Whelan, Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian, Laura Serino, Magnus Unemo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	global gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhoeae prevalence systematic review men-who-have-sex-with-men Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/563a20c746b3480fa7f3971cbe1e8932
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:563a20c746b3480fa7f3971cbe1e89322021-11-14T12:44:30ZGonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally10.1186/s12879-021-06381-41471-2334https://doaj.org/article/563a20c746b3480fa7f3971cbe1e89322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06381-4https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2334Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic gonorrhoea prevalence assessments in the general population or proxies thereof (including pregnant women, women attending family planning clinics, military recruits, and men undergoing employment physicals for example) and in population groups at increased risk, including men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and sex workers. Method We evaluated reported prevalence data, including estimates from proxy general population samples to reflect the WHO recommendations. We describe the outcomes from the general population country-by-country and extend previous reviews to include MSM, sex workers, and extragenital infections. Result and conclusion In our systematic search, 2015 titles were reviewed (January 2010–April 2019) and 174 full-text publications were included. National, population-based prevalence data were identified in only four countries (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Peru, New Caledonia) and local population-based estimates were reported in areas within five countries (China, South Africa, Brazil, Benin, and Malawi). The remaining studies identified only reported test positivity from non-probability, proxy general population samples. Due to the diversity of the reviewed studies, detailed comparison across studies was not possible. In MSM, data were identified from 64 studies in 25 countries. Rectal infection rates were generally higher than urogenital or pharyngeal infection rates, where extragenital testing was conducted. Data on sex workers were identified from 41 studies in 23 countries; rates in female sex workers were high. Current prevalence monitoring was shown to be highly suboptimal worldwide. Serial prevalence monitoring of critical epidemiological variables, and guidelines to optimize prevalence study conduct and reporting beyond antenatal settings are recommended.Jane WhelanVictoria Abbing-KarahagopianLaura SerinoMagnus UnemoBMCarticleglobalgonorrhoeaNeisseria gonorrhoeaeprevalencesystematic reviewmen-who-have-sex-with-menInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENBMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-23 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	global gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhoeae prevalence systematic review men-who-have-sex-with-men Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	global gonorrhoea Neisseria gonorrhoeae prevalence systematic review men-who-have-sex-with-men Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Jane Whelan Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian Laura Serino Magnus Unemo Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally
description	Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic gonorrhoea prevalence assessments in the general population or proxies thereof (including pregnant women, women attending family planning clinics, military recruits, and men undergoing employment physicals for example) and in population groups at increased risk, including men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and sex workers. Method We evaluated reported prevalence data, including estimates from proxy general population samples to reflect the WHO recommendations. We describe the outcomes from the general population country-by-country and extend previous reviews to include MSM, sex workers, and extragenital infections. Result and conclusion In our systematic search, 2015 titles were reviewed (January 2010–April 2019) and 174 full-text publications were included. National, population-based prevalence data were identified in only four countries (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Peru, New Caledonia) and local population-based estimates were reported in areas within five countries (China, South Africa, Brazil, Benin, and Malawi). The remaining studies identified only reported test positivity from non-probability, proxy general population samples. Due to the diversity of the reviewed studies, detailed comparison across studies was not possible. In MSM, data were identified from 64 studies in 25 countries. Rectal infection rates were generally higher than urogenital or pharyngeal infection rates, where extragenital testing was conducted. Data on sex workers were identified from 41 studies in 23 countries; rates in female sex workers were high. Current prevalence monitoring was shown to be highly suboptimal worldwide. Serial prevalence monitoring of critical epidemiological variables, and guidelines to optimize prevalence study conduct and reporting beyond antenatal settings are recommended.
format	article
author	Jane Whelan Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian Laura Serino Magnus Unemo
author_facet	Jane Whelan Victoria Abbing-Karahagopian Laura Serino Magnus Unemo
author_sort	Jane Whelan
title	Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally
title_short	Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally
title_full	Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally
title_fullStr	Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally
title_full_unstemmed	Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally
title_sort	gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/563a20c746b3480fa7f3971cbe1e8932
work_keys_str_mv	AT janewhelan gonorrhoeaasystematicreviewofprevalencereportingglobally AT victoriaabbingkarahagopian gonorrhoeaasystematicreviewofprevalencereportingglobally AT lauraserino gonorrhoeaasystematicreviewofprevalencereportingglobally AT magnusunemo gonorrhoeaasystematicreviewofprevalencereportingglobally
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Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally

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