Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning

Background: Multi-site functional MRI (fMRI) databases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the study of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, multi-site databases are known to introduce site effects that may confound neurobiological and measures such as functional connectivity (F...

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Autores principales:	Alexandra M. Reardon, Kaiming Li, Xiaoping P. Hu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	autism spectrum disorder effect size functional connectivity multi-site resting-state functional MRI Schizophrenia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/563ba66469a5488ea1c832fe160e1873
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:563ba66469a5488ea1c832fe160e18732021-12-02T06:40:58ZImproving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning1662-518810.3389/fncom.2021.762781https://doaj.org/article/563ba66469a5488ea1c832fe160e18732021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2021.762781/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5188Background: Multi-site functional MRI (fMRI) databases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the study of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, multi-site databases are known to introduce site effects that may confound neurobiological and measures such as functional connectivity (FC). Although studies have been conducted to mitigate site effects, these methods often result in reduced effect size in FC comparisons between controls and patients.Methods: We present a site-wise de-meaning (SWD) strategy in multi-site FC analysis and compare its performance with two common site-effect mitigation methods, i.e., generalized linear model (GLM) and Combining Batches (ComBat) Harmonization. For SWD, after FC was calculated and Fisher z-transformed, the site-wise FC mean was removed from each subject before group-level statistical analysis. The above methods were tested on two multi-site psychiatric consortiums [Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP)]. Preservation of consistent FC alterations in patients were evaluated for each method through the effect sizes (Hedge’s g) of patients vs. controls.Results: For the B-SNIP dataset, SWD improved the effect size between schizophrenic and control subjects by 4.5–7.9%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by 22.5–42.6%. For the ABIDE dataset, SWD improved the effect size between autistic and control subjects by 2.9–5.3%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by up to 11.4%.Conclusion: Compared to the original data and commonly used methods, the SWD method demonstrated superior performance in preserving the effect size in FC features associated with disorders.Alexandra M. ReardonKaiming LiXiaoping P. HuXiaoping P. HuFrontiers Media S.A.articleautism spectrum disordereffect sizefunctional connectivitymulti-siteresting-state functional MRISchizophreniaNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	autism spectrum disorder effect size functional connectivity multi-site resting-state functional MRI Schizophrenia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	autism spectrum disorder effect size functional connectivity multi-site resting-state functional MRI Schizophrenia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Alexandra M. Reardon Kaiming Li Xiaoping P. Hu Xiaoping P. Hu Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning
description	Background: Multi-site functional MRI (fMRI) databases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the study of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, multi-site databases are known to introduce site effects that may confound neurobiological and measures such as functional connectivity (FC). Although studies have been conducted to mitigate site effects, these methods often result in reduced effect size in FC comparisons between controls and patients.Methods: We present a site-wise de-meaning (SWD) strategy in multi-site FC analysis and compare its performance with two common site-effect mitigation methods, i.e., generalized linear model (GLM) and Combining Batches (ComBat) Harmonization. For SWD, after FC was calculated and Fisher z-transformed, the site-wise FC mean was removed from each subject before group-level statistical analysis. The above methods were tested on two multi-site psychiatric consortiums [Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP)]. Preservation of consistent FC alterations in patients were evaluated for each method through the effect sizes (Hedge’s g) of patients vs. controls.Results: For the B-SNIP dataset, SWD improved the effect size between schizophrenic and control subjects by 4.5–7.9%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by 22.5–42.6%. For the ABIDE dataset, SWD improved the effect size between autistic and control subjects by 2.9–5.3%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by up to 11.4%.Conclusion: Compared to the original data and commonly used methods, the SWD method demonstrated superior performance in preserving the effect size in FC features associated with disorders.
format	article
author	Alexandra M. Reardon Kaiming Li Xiaoping P. Hu Xiaoping P. Hu
author_facet	Alexandra M. Reardon Kaiming Li Xiaoping P. Hu Xiaoping P. Hu
author_sort	Alexandra M. Reardon
title	Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning
title_short	Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning
title_full	Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning
title_fullStr	Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning
title_full_unstemmed	Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning
title_sort	improving between-group effect size for multi-site functional connectivity data via site-wise de-meaning
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/563ba66469a5488ea1c832fe160e1873
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Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning

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