Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry

The creation of delocalized coherent superpositions of quantum systems experiencing different relativistic effects is an important milestone in future research at the interface of gravity and quantum mechanics. This milestone could be achieved by generating a superposition of quantum clocks that fol...

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Autor principal:	Albert Roura
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2020
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56430bf2fcb84a419f3b78a6819fa01a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56430bf2fcb84a419f3b78a6819fa01a2021-12-02T12:06:11ZGravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry10.1103/PhysRevX.10.0210142160-3308https://doaj.org/article/56430bf2fcb84a419f3b78a6819fa01a2020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021014http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021014https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308The creation of delocalized coherent superpositions of quantum systems experiencing different relativistic effects is an important milestone in future research at the interface of gravity and quantum mechanics. This milestone could be achieved by generating a superposition of quantum clocks that follow paths with different gravitational time dilation and investigating the consequences on the interference signal when they are eventually recombined. Light-pulse atom interferometry with elements employed in optical atomic clocks is a promising candidate for that purpose, but it suffers from major challenges including its insensitivity to the gravitational redshift in a uniform field. All of these difficulties can be overcome with the novel scheme presented here, which is based on initializing the clock when the spatially separate superposition has already been generated and performing a doubly differential measurement where the differential phase shift between the two internal states is compared for different initialization times. This scheme can be exploited to test the universality of the gravitational redshift with delocalized coherent superpositions of quantum clocks, and it is argued that its experimental implementation should be feasible with a new generation of 10-meter atomic fountains that will soon become available. Interestingly, the approach also offers significant advantages for more compact setups based on guided interferometry or hybrid configurations. Furthermore, in order to provide a solid foundation for the analysis of the various interferometry schemes and the effects that can be measured with them, a general formalism for a relativistic description of atom interferometry in curved spacetime is developed. It can describe freely falling atoms as well as the effects of external forces and guiding potentials, and it can be applied to a very wide range of situations. As an important ingredient for quantum-clock interferometry, suitable diffraction mechanisms for atoms in internal-state superpositions are investigated too. Finally, the relation of the proposed doubly differential measurement scheme to other experimental approaches and to tests of the universality of free fall is discussed in detail.Albert RouraAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 021014 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Albert Roura Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry
description	The creation of delocalized coherent superpositions of quantum systems experiencing different relativistic effects is an important milestone in future research at the interface of gravity and quantum mechanics. This milestone could be achieved by generating a superposition of quantum clocks that follow paths with different gravitational time dilation and investigating the consequences on the interference signal when they are eventually recombined. Light-pulse atom interferometry with elements employed in optical atomic clocks is a promising candidate for that purpose, but it suffers from major challenges including its insensitivity to the gravitational redshift in a uniform field. All of these difficulties can be overcome with the novel scheme presented here, which is based on initializing the clock when the spatially separate superposition has already been generated and performing a doubly differential measurement where the differential phase shift between the two internal states is compared for different initialization times. This scheme can be exploited to test the universality of the gravitational redshift with delocalized coherent superpositions of quantum clocks, and it is argued that its experimental implementation should be feasible with a new generation of 10-meter atomic fountains that will soon become available. Interestingly, the approach also offers significant advantages for more compact setups based on guided interferometry or hybrid configurations. Furthermore, in order to provide a solid foundation for the analysis of the various interferometry schemes and the effects that can be measured with them, a general formalism for a relativistic description of atom interferometry in curved spacetime is developed. It can describe freely falling atoms as well as the effects of external forces and guiding potentials, and it can be applied to a very wide range of situations. As an important ingredient for quantum-clock interferometry, suitable diffraction mechanisms for atoms in internal-state superpositions are investigated too. Finally, the relation of the proposed doubly differential measurement scheme to other experimental approaches and to tests of the universality of free fall is discussed in detail.
format	article
author	Albert Roura
author_facet	Albert Roura
author_sort	Albert Roura
title	Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry
title_short	Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry
title_full	Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry
title_fullStr	Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry
title_full_unstemmed	Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry
title_sort	gravitational redshift in quantum-clock interferometry
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/56430bf2fcb84a419f3b78a6819fa01a
work_keys_str_mv	AT albertroura gravitationalredshiftinquantumclockinterferometry
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Gravitational Redshift in Quantum-Clock Interferometry

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