High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success

Host density likely plays a key role in host-parasite interactions, but empirical evidence in marine ecosystems remains limited. Classical models predict a positive relationship between host density and parasite infection parameters, but this depends on the parasite transmission mode. Evidence from...

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Autores principales:	F Samsing, F Oppedal, D Johansson, S Bui, T Dempster
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Inter-Research 2014
Materias:	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5652347bee744302ac9a59eda3c3fa69
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5652347bee744302ac9a59eda3c3fa692021-11-16T10:30:13ZHigh host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success1869-215X1869-753410.3354/aei00118https://doaj.org/article/5652347bee744302ac9a59eda3c3fa692014-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v6/n1/p81-89/https://doaj.org/toc/1869-215Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1869-7534Host density likely plays a key role in host-parasite interactions, but empirical evidence in marine ecosystems remains limited. Classical models predict a positive relationship between host density and parasite infection parameters, but this depends on the parasite transmission mode. Evidence from systems where mobile parasites actively seek hosts suggests that numbers of parasites per host decrease with increasing host density (‘dilution effect’). Copepodids, the infective stage of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis, are mobile larvae that display a range of behaviours to detect their salmonid hosts. We hypothesized that high host density would decrease infection intensity, prevalence and degree of aggregation, but not infection success, which reflects parasite performance. We infected multiple groups of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts at low (12 fish; 7.9 kg m-3) and high (96 fish; 68.5 kg m-3) densities, with the same number of L. salmonis copepodids in swimming chambers to enable more realistic swimming behaviours during infection. Infection intensity was 8.4 times higher in the low density treatment, but there were no differences in infection success and degree of aggregation. We observed 100% prevalence in the low density treatment, which was significantly higher than the high density treatment (68%). The dilution effect most likely explained the negative relationship between host density and infection intensity, as the individual risk of being ‘attacked’ by a parasite decreased as host density increased. Host density is crucial in salmon-sea lice infection dynamics, and opportunities may exist within production environments to use the dilution effect of density to improve fish welfare outcomes.F SamsingF OppedalD JohanssonS BuiT DempsterInter-ResearcharticleAquaculture. Fisheries. AnglingSH1-691EcologyQH540-549.5ENAquaculture Environment Interactions, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 81-89 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5 F Samsing F Oppedal D Johansson S Bui T Dempster High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success
description	Host density likely plays a key role in host-parasite interactions, but empirical evidence in marine ecosystems remains limited. Classical models predict a positive relationship between host density and parasite infection parameters, but this depends on the parasite transmission mode. Evidence from systems where mobile parasites actively seek hosts suggests that numbers of parasites per host decrease with increasing host density (‘dilution effect’). Copepodids, the infective stage of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis, are mobile larvae that display a range of behaviours to detect their salmonid hosts. We hypothesized that high host density would decrease infection intensity, prevalence and degree of aggregation, but not infection success, which reflects parasite performance. We infected multiple groups of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts at low (12 fish; 7.9 kg m-3) and high (96 fish; 68.5 kg m-3) densities, with the same number of L. salmonis copepodids in swimming chambers to enable more realistic swimming behaviours during infection. Infection intensity was 8.4 times higher in the low density treatment, but there were no differences in infection success and degree of aggregation. We observed 100% prevalence in the low density treatment, which was significantly higher than the high density treatment (68%). The dilution effect most likely explained the negative relationship between host density and infection intensity, as the individual risk of being ‘attacked’ by a parasite decreased as host density increased. Host density is crucial in salmon-sea lice infection dynamics, and opportunities may exist within production environments to use the dilution effect of density to improve fish welfare outcomes.
format	article
author	F Samsing F Oppedal D Johansson S Bui T Dempster
author_facet	F Samsing F Oppedal D Johansson S Bui T Dempster
author_sort	F Samsing
title	High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success
title_short	High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success
title_full	High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success
title_fullStr	High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success
title_full_unstemmed	High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success
title_sort	high host densities dilute sea lice lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success
publisher	Inter-Research
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/5652347bee744302ac9a59eda3c3fa69
work_keys_str_mv	AT fsamsing highhostdensitiesdilutesealicelepeophtheirussalmonisloadsonindividualatlanticsalmonbutdonotreduceliceinfectionsuccess AT foppedal highhostdensitiesdilutesealicelepeophtheirussalmonisloadsonindividualatlanticsalmonbutdonotreduceliceinfectionsuccess AT djohansson highhostdensitiesdilutesealicelepeophtheirussalmonisloadsonindividualatlanticsalmonbutdonotreduceliceinfectionsuccess AT sbui highhostdensitiesdilutesealicelepeophtheirussalmonisloadsonindividualatlanticsalmonbutdonotreduceliceinfectionsuccess AT tdempster highhostdensitiesdilutesealicelepeophtheirussalmonisloadsonindividualatlanticsalmonbutdonotreduceliceinfectionsuccess
_version_	1718426546306285568

High host densities dilute sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis loads on individual Atlantic salmon, but do not reduce lice infection success

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