Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements

Longitudinal criminological studies greatly improved our understanding of the longitudinal patterns of criminality. These studies, however, focused almost exclusively on traditional types of offending and it is therefore unclear whether results are generalizable to online types of offending. This st...

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Autores principales:	Steve G.A. van de Weijer, Thomas J. Holt, E. Rutger Leukfeldt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Cybercrime Web defacements Hacking Trajectories Zone-H Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5658aea0a0ee46c2b211a6ee5bdd32de
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5658aea0a0ee46c2b211a6ee5bdd32de
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5658aea0a0ee46c2b211a6ee5bdd32de2021-12-01T05:04:19ZHeterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements2451-958810.1016/j.chbr.2021.100113https://doaj.org/article/5658aea0a0ee46c2b211a6ee5bdd32de2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958821000610https://doaj.org/toc/2451-9588Longitudinal criminological studies greatly improved our understanding of the longitudinal patterns of criminality. These studies, however, focused almost exclusively on traditional types of offending and it is therefore unclear whether results are generalizable to online types of offending. This study attempted to identify the developmental trajectories of active hackers who perform web defacements. The data for this study consisted of 2,745,311 attacks performed by 66,553 hackers and reported to Zone-H between January 2010 and March 2017. Semi-parametric group-based trajectory models were used to distinguish six different groups of hackers based on the timing and frequency of their defacements. The results demonstrated some common relationships to traditional types of crime, as a small population of defacers accounted for the majority of defacements against websites. Additionally, the methods and targeting practices of defacers differed based on the frequency with which they performed defacements generally.Steve G.A. van de WeijerThomas J. HoltE. Rutger LeukfeldtElsevierarticleCybercrimeWeb defacementsHackingTrajectoriesZone-HElectronic computers. Computer scienceQA75.5-76.95PsychologyBF1-990ENComputers in Human Behavior Reports, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 100113- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cybercrime Web defacements Hacking Trajectories Zone-H Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	Cybercrime Web defacements Hacking Trajectories Zone-H Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Psychology BF1-990 Steve G.A. van de Weijer Thomas J. Holt E. Rutger Leukfeldt Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements
description	Longitudinal criminological studies greatly improved our understanding of the longitudinal patterns of criminality. These studies, however, focused almost exclusively on traditional types of offending and it is therefore unclear whether results are generalizable to online types of offending. This study attempted to identify the developmental trajectories of active hackers who perform web defacements. The data for this study consisted of 2,745,311 attacks performed by 66,553 hackers and reported to Zone-H between January 2010 and March 2017. Semi-parametric group-based trajectory models were used to distinguish six different groups of hackers based on the timing and frequency of their defacements. The results demonstrated some common relationships to traditional types of crime, as a small population of defacers accounted for the majority of defacements against websites. Additionally, the methods and targeting practices of defacers differed based on the frequency with which they performed defacements generally.
format	article
author	Steve G.A. van de Weijer Thomas J. Holt E. Rutger Leukfeldt
author_facet	Steve G.A. van de Weijer Thomas J. Holt E. Rutger Leukfeldt
author_sort	Steve G.A. van de Weijer
title	Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements
title_short	Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements
title_full	Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements
title_fullStr	Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements
title_full_unstemmed	Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements
title_sort	heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: a longitudinal analyses of web defacements
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5658aea0a0ee46c2b211a6ee5bdd32de
work_keys_str_mv	AT stevegavandeweijer heterogeneityintrajectoriesofcybercriminalsalongitudinalanalysesofwebdefacements AT thomasjholt heterogeneityintrajectoriesofcybercriminalsalongitudinalanalysesofwebdefacements AT erutgerleukfeldt heterogeneityintrajectoriesofcybercriminalsalongitudinalanalysesofwebdefacements
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Heterogeneity in trajectories of cybercriminals: A longitudinal analyses of web defacements

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