Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan

The relation between sunspots and rainfall patterns is still obscure in Africa, especially for Sudan and South Sudan. This research explores the response of rainfall to solar activity in eastern regions of Africa, with a case study in Sudan and South Sudan. Rainfall varies with time; therefore, skil...

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Autores principales:	Mostafa A. Mohamed, Mohamed El-Sayed El-Mahdy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	rainfall south sudan statistical analysis sudan sunspot numbers Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/568c5089783843e297ccff09aad604b2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:568c5089783843e297ccff09aad604b22021-11-05T19:02:30ZImpact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan2040-22442408-935410.2166/wcc.2021.312https://doaj.org/article/568c5089783843e297ccff09aad604b22021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/12/5/2104https://doaj.org/toc/2040-2244https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9354The relation between sunspots and rainfall patterns is still obscure in Africa, especially for Sudan and South Sudan. This research explores the response of rainfall to solar activity in eastern regions of Africa, with a case study in Sudan and South Sudan. Rainfall varies with time; therefore, skillful monitoring, predicting, and early warning of rainfall events is indispensable. Severe climatic events, such as droughts and floods, are critical factors in planning and managing all socioeconomic activities. Similar trends for the sunspot activity (sunspot number and sunspot groups) changes and rainfall variations for different stations in East Africa during the years 1910–2018 were not found. Correlation analysis carried out for the above period indicated a weak negative correlation between the total rainfall and the average number of sunspots over the long-term scale for selected stations in Sudan and South Sudan. The overall result of the paper indicated no significant relationship between sunspot numbers and rainfall in temporal and spatial scales in Sudan and South Sudan. HIGHLIGHTS This paper analyzed the rainfall variability of Sudan and South Sudan.; Many statistical measures were employed to evaluate the rainfall trend.; The paper specified the link between sunspot numbers and groups with rainfall variability.; The paper assessed the impact of climate change on rainfall annually and seasonally.;Mostafa A. MohamedMohamed El-Sayed El-MahdyIWA Publishingarticlerainfallsouth sudanstatistical analysissudansunspot numbersEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENJournal of Water and Climate Change, Vol 12, Iss 5, Pp 2104-2124 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	rainfall south sudan statistical analysis sudan sunspot numbers Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	rainfall south sudan statistical analysis sudan sunspot numbers Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Mostafa A. Mohamed Mohamed El-Sayed El-Mahdy Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan
description	The relation between sunspots and rainfall patterns is still obscure in Africa, especially for Sudan and South Sudan. This research explores the response of rainfall to solar activity in eastern regions of Africa, with a case study in Sudan and South Sudan. Rainfall varies with time; therefore, skillful monitoring, predicting, and early warning of rainfall events is indispensable. Severe climatic events, such as droughts and floods, are critical factors in planning and managing all socioeconomic activities. Similar trends for the sunspot activity (sunspot number and sunspot groups) changes and rainfall variations for different stations in East Africa during the years 1910–2018 were not found. Correlation analysis carried out for the above period indicated a weak negative correlation between the total rainfall and the average number of sunspots over the long-term scale for selected stations in Sudan and South Sudan. The overall result of the paper indicated no significant relationship between sunspot numbers and rainfall in temporal and spatial scales in Sudan and South Sudan. HIGHLIGHTS This paper analyzed the rainfall variability of Sudan and South Sudan.; Many statistical measures were employed to evaluate the rainfall trend.; The paper specified the link between sunspot numbers and groups with rainfall variability.; The paper assessed the impact of climate change on rainfall annually and seasonally.;
format	article
author	Mostafa A. Mohamed Mohamed El-Sayed El-Mahdy
author_facet	Mostafa A. Mohamed Mohamed El-Sayed El-Mahdy
author_sort	Mostafa A. Mohamed
title	Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan
title_short	Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan
title_full	Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan
title_fullStr	Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan
title_sort	impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over eastern africa: a case study of sudan and south sudan
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/568c5089783843e297ccff09aad604b2
work_keys_str_mv	AT mostafaamohamed impactofsunspotactivityontherainfallpatternsovereasternafricaacasestudyofsudanandsouthsudan AT mohamedelsayedelmahdy impactofsunspotactivityontherainfallpatternsovereasternafricaacasestudyofsudanandsouthsudan
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Impact of sunspot activity on the rainfall patterns over Eastern Africa: a case study of Sudan and South Sudan

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