The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.

<h4>Background</h4>Rabies remains a major public health threat in many parts of the world and is responsible for an estimated 55,000 human deaths annually. The burden of rabies is estimated to be around US$20 million in Africa, with the highest financial expenditure being the cost of pos...

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Autores principales:	Maganga Sambo, Sarah Cleaveland, Heather Ferguson, Tiziana Lembo, Cleophas Simon, Honorati Urassa, Katie Hampson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56a46d269f054a22b11a70fc70bdd993
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:56a46d269f054a22b11a70fc70bdd993
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56a46d269f054a22b11a70fc70bdd9932021-11-18T09:16:43ZThe burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0002510https://doaj.org/article/56a46d269f054a22b11a70fc70bdd9932013-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24244767/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Rabies remains a major public health threat in many parts of the world and is responsible for an estimated 55,000 human deaths annually. The burden of rabies is estimated to be around US$20 million in Africa, with the highest financial expenditure being the cost of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). However, these calculations may be substantial underestimates because the costs to households of coping with endemic rabies have not been investigated. We therefore aimed to estimate the household costs, health-seeking behaviour, coping strategies, and outcomes of exposure to rabies in rural and urban communities in Tanzania.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Extensive investigative interviews were used to estimate the incidence of human deaths and bite exposures. Questionnaires with bite victims and their families were used to investigate health-seeking behaviour and costs (medical and non-medical costs) associated with exposure to rabies. We calculated that an average patient in rural Tanzania, where most people live on less than US$1 per day, would need to spend over US$100 to complete WHO recommended PEP schedules. High costs and frequent shortages of PEP led to poor compliance with PEP regimens, delays in presentation to health facilities, and increased risk of death.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The true costs of obtaining PEP were twice as high as those previously reported from Africa and should be considered in re-evaluations of the burden of rabies.Maganga SamboSarah CleavelandHeather FergusonTiziana LemboCleophas SimonHonorati UrassaKatie HampsonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 11, p e2510 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Maganga Sambo Sarah Cleaveland Heather Ferguson Tiziana Lembo Cleophas Simon Honorati Urassa Katie Hampson The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Rabies remains a major public health threat in many parts of the world and is responsible for an estimated 55,000 human deaths annually. The burden of rabies is estimated to be around US$20 million in Africa, with the highest financial expenditure being the cost of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). However, these calculations may be substantial underestimates because the costs to households of coping with endemic rabies have not been investigated. We therefore aimed to estimate the household costs, health-seeking behaviour, coping strategies, and outcomes of exposure to rabies in rural and urban communities in Tanzania.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>Extensive investigative interviews were used to estimate the incidence of human deaths and bite exposures. Questionnaires with bite victims and their families were used to investigate health-seeking behaviour and costs (medical and non-medical costs) associated with exposure to rabies. We calculated that an average patient in rural Tanzania, where most people live on less than US$1 per day, would need to spend over US$100 to complete WHO recommended PEP schedules. High costs and frequent shortages of PEP led to poor compliance with PEP regimens, delays in presentation to health facilities, and increased risk of death.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The true costs of obtaining PEP were twice as high as those previously reported from Africa and should be considered in re-evaluations of the burden of rabies.
format	article
author	Maganga Sambo Sarah Cleaveland Heather Ferguson Tiziana Lembo Cleophas Simon Honorati Urassa Katie Hampson
author_facet	Maganga Sambo Sarah Cleaveland Heather Ferguson Tiziana Lembo Cleophas Simon Honorati Urassa Katie Hampson
author_sort	Maganga Sambo
title	The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.
title_short	The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.
title_full	The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.
title_fullStr	The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.
title_full_unstemmed	The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.
title_sort	burden of rabies in tanzania and its impact on local communities.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/56a46d269f054a22b11a70fc70bdd993
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The burden of rabies in Tanzania and its impact on local communities.

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