Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks

Abstract Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are highly social Arctic toothed whales with large vocal repertoires and similar acoustic profiles. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) that uses multiple hydrophones over large spatiotemporal scales has been a primary method to...

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Autores principales:	Marie J. Zahn, Shannon Rankin, Jennifer L. K. McCullough, Jens C. Koblitz, Frederick Archer, Marianne H. Rasmussen, Kristin L. Laidre
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56a695286d73472f896b1e925410f30b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56a695286d73472f896b1e925410f30b2021-11-14T12:21:47ZAcoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/56a695286d73472f896b1e925410f30b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01441-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are highly social Arctic toothed whales with large vocal repertoires and similar acoustic profiles. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) that uses multiple hydrophones over large spatiotemporal scales has been a primary method to study their populations, particularly in response to rapid climate change and increasing underwater noise. This study marks the first acoustic comparison between wild belugas and narwhals from the same location and reveals that they can be acoustically differentiated and classified solely by echolocation clicks. Acoustic recordings were made in the pack ice of Baffin Bay, West Greenland, during 2013. Multivariate analyses and Random Forests classification models were applied to eighty-one single-species acoustic events comprised of numerous echolocation clicks. Results demonstrate a significant difference between species’ acoustic parameters where beluga echolocation was distinguished by higher frequency content, evidenced by higher peak frequencies, center frequencies, and frequency minimums and maximums. Spectral peaks, troughs, and center frequencies for beluga clicks were generally > 60 kHz and narwhal clicks < 60 kHz with overlap between 40–60 kHz. Classification model predictive performance was strong with an overall correct classification rate of 97.5% for the best model. The most important predictors for species assignment were defined by peaks and notches in frequency spectra. Our results provide strong support for the use of echolocation in PAM efforts to differentiate belugas and narwhals acoustically.Marie J. ZahnShannon RankinJennifer L. K. McCulloughJens C. KoblitzFrederick ArcherMarianne H. RasmussenKristin L. LaidreNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marie J. Zahn Shannon Rankin Jennifer L. K. McCullough Jens C. Koblitz Frederick Archer Marianne H. Rasmussen Kristin L. Laidre Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
description	Abstract Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are highly social Arctic toothed whales with large vocal repertoires and similar acoustic profiles. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) that uses multiple hydrophones over large spatiotemporal scales has been a primary method to study their populations, particularly in response to rapid climate change and increasing underwater noise. This study marks the first acoustic comparison between wild belugas and narwhals from the same location and reveals that they can be acoustically differentiated and classified solely by echolocation clicks. Acoustic recordings were made in the pack ice of Baffin Bay, West Greenland, during 2013. Multivariate analyses and Random Forests classification models were applied to eighty-one single-species acoustic events comprised of numerous echolocation clicks. Results demonstrate a significant difference between species’ acoustic parameters where beluga echolocation was distinguished by higher frequency content, evidenced by higher peak frequencies, center frequencies, and frequency minimums and maximums. Spectral peaks, troughs, and center frequencies for beluga clicks were generally > 60 kHz and narwhal clicks < 60 kHz with overlap between 40–60 kHz. Classification model predictive performance was strong with an overall correct classification rate of 97.5% for the best model. The most important predictors for species assignment were defined by peaks and notches in frequency spectra. Our results provide strong support for the use of echolocation in PAM efforts to differentiate belugas and narwhals acoustically.
format	article
author	Marie J. Zahn Shannon Rankin Jennifer L. K. McCullough Jens C. Koblitz Frederick Archer Marianne H. Rasmussen Kristin L. Laidre
author_facet	Marie J. Zahn Shannon Rankin Jennifer L. K. McCullough Jens C. Koblitz Frederick Archer Marianne H. Rasmussen Kristin L. Laidre
author_sort	Marie J. Zahn
title	Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
title_short	Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
title_full	Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
title_fullStr	Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
title_full_unstemmed	Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
title_sort	acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/56a695286d73472f896b1e925410f30b
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Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks

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