Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.

Various definitions of fitness are essentially based on the number of descendants of an allele or a phenotype after a sufficiently long time. However, these different definitions do not explicate the continuous evolution of life histories. Herein, we focus on the eigenfunction of an age-structured p...

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Autores principales:	Ryo Oizumi, Hisashi Inaba
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56c2ba15b61e404e950d63a5b295959e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:56c2ba15b61e404e950d63a5b295959e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56c2ba15b61e404e950d63a5b295959e2021-12-02T20:14:39ZEvolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257377https://doaj.org/article/56c2ba15b61e404e950d63a5b295959e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257377https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Various definitions of fitness are essentially based on the number of descendants of an allele or a phenotype after a sufficiently long time. However, these different definitions do not explicate the continuous evolution of life histories. Herein, we focus on the eigenfunction of an age-structured population model as fitness. The function generates an equation, called the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, that achieves adaptive control of life history in terms of both the presence and absence of the density effect. Further, we introduce a perturbation method that applies the solution of this equation to the long-term logarithmic growth rate of a stochastic structured population model. We adopt this method to realize the adaptive control of heterogeneity for an optimal foraging problem in a variable environment as the analyzable example. The result indicates that the eigenfunction is involved in adaptive strategies under all the environments listed herein. Thus, we aim to systematize adaptive life histories in the presence of density effects and variable environments using the proposed objective function as a universal fitness candidate.Ryo OizumiHisashi InabaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257377 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ryo Oizumi Hisashi Inaba Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.
description	Various definitions of fitness are essentially based on the number of descendants of an allele or a phenotype after a sufficiently long time. However, these different definitions do not explicate the continuous evolution of life histories. Herein, we focus on the eigenfunction of an age-structured population model as fitness. The function generates an equation, called the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, that achieves adaptive control of life history in terms of both the presence and absence of the density effect. Further, we introduce a perturbation method that applies the solution of this equation to the long-term logarithmic growth rate of a stochastic structured population model. We adopt this method to realize the adaptive control of heterogeneity for an optimal foraging problem in a variable environment as the analyzable example. The result indicates that the eigenfunction is involved in adaptive strategies under all the environments listed herein. Thus, we aim to systematize adaptive life histories in the presence of density effects and variable environments using the proposed objective function as a universal fitness candidate.
format	article
author	Ryo Oizumi Hisashi Inaba
author_facet	Ryo Oizumi Hisashi Inaba
author_sort	Ryo Oizumi
title	Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.
title_short	Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.
title_full	Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.
title_fullStr	Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.
title_full_unstemmed	Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.
title_sort	evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/56c2ba15b61e404e950d63a5b295959e
work_keys_str_mv	AT ryooizumi evolutionofheterogeneityunderconstantandvariableenvironments AT hisashiinaba evolutionofheterogeneityunderconstantandvariableenvironments
_version_	1718374644337082368

Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments.

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