Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis

Marcelo B Dohnert1,2, Mirelli Ven&acirc;ncio1, Jonathann C Possato1, Rodrigo C Zeferino1, Luciana H Dohnert2, Alexandra I Zugno1, Cl&aacute;udio T De Souza1, Marcos MS Paula1, Thais F Luciano11Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Programa de P&oacute;s-gradua&cc...

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Autores principales:	Dohnert MB, Ven&acirc;ncio M, Possato JC, Zeferino RC, Dohnert LH, Zugno AI, De Souza CT, Paula MMS, Luciano TF
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56c9387dccad4bdb8347c6a7db07f162
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56c9387dccad4bdb8347c6a7db07f1622021-12-02T05:02:17ZGold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/56c9387dccad4bdb8347c6a7db07f1622012-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/gold-nanoparticles-and-diclofenac-diethylammonium-administered-by-iont-a9563https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Marcelo B Dohnert1,2, Mirelli Ven&acirc;ncio1, Jonathann C Possato1, Rodrigo C Zeferino1, Luciana H Dohnert2, Alexandra I Zugno1, Cl&aacute;udio T De Souza1, Marcos MS Paula1, Thais F Luciano11Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Programa de P&oacute;s-gradua&ccedil;&atilde;o em Ci&ecirc;ncias da Sa&uacute;de PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici&uacute;ma, Santa Catarina, 2Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilIntroduction: Tendinitis affects a substantial number of people in several occupations involving repetitive work or direct trauma. Iontophoresis is a therapeutic alternative used in the treatment of injury during the inflammatory phase. In recent years, gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been studied due to their therapeutic anti-inflammatory capacity and as an alternative to the transport of several proteins. Purpose: This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of iontophoresis using GNPs and diclofenac diethylammonium on inflammatory parameters in rats challenged with traumatic tendinitis.Methods: Wistar rats were divided in three treatment groups (n = 15): (1) iontophoresis + diclofenac diethylammonium; (2) iontophoresis + GNP; and (3) iontophoresis + diclofenac diethylammonium + GNP. External control was formed by challenged tendons without treatment (n = 15). Iontophoresis was administered using 0.3 mA direct current on 1.5 cm&sup2; electrodes. Results: The levels of both inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in untreated challenged rats, when compared with the control (5.398 &plusmn; 234 for interleukin 1 beta and 6.411 &plusmn; 432 for tumor necrosis factor alpha), which confirms the occurrence of an inflammatory stage in injury (P &lt; 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in expression of cytokines interleukin 1 beta in the three treatment groups, in comparison with untreated challenged tendons, although, in the group treated with diclofenac and GNP, results were similar to the control (1.732 &plusmn; 239) (P &lt; 0.05). Concerning tumor necrosis factor alpha, only the group treated with the association diclofenac and GNPs presented decreased levels, compared with the control (3.221 &plusmn; 369) (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The results show the efficacy of drug administration using direct current to treat tendinitis in an animal model, and the potential anti-inflammatory, carrier, and enhancing effects of GNPs in iontophoresis.Keywords: tendinous injury, proinflammatory cytokines, electrophoresis, iontophoresis, nanoparticlesDohnert MBVen&acirc;ncio MPossato JCZeferino RCDohnert LHZugno AIDe Souza CTPaula MMSLuciano TFDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 1651-1657 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Dohnert MB Ven&acirc;ncio M Possato JC Zeferino RC Dohnert LH Zugno AI De Souza CT Paula MMS Luciano TF Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis
description	Marcelo B Dohnert1,2, Mirelli Ven&acirc;ncio1, Jonathann C Possato1, Rodrigo C Zeferino1, Luciana H Dohnert2, Alexandra I Zugno1, Cl&aacute;udio T De Souza1, Marcos MS Paula1, Thais F Luciano11Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Programa de P&oacute;s-gradua&ccedil;&atilde;o em Ci&ecirc;ncias da Sa&uacute;de PPGCS, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Crici&uacute;ma, Santa Catarina, 2Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, BrazilIntroduction: Tendinitis affects a substantial number of people in several occupations involving repetitive work or direct trauma. Iontophoresis is a therapeutic alternative used in the treatment of injury during the inflammatory phase. In recent years, gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been studied due to their therapeutic anti-inflammatory capacity and as an alternative to the transport of several proteins. Purpose: This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of iontophoresis using GNPs and diclofenac diethylammonium on inflammatory parameters in rats challenged with traumatic tendinitis.Methods: Wistar rats were divided in three treatment groups (n = 15): (1) iontophoresis + diclofenac diethylammonium; (2) iontophoresis + GNP; and (3) iontophoresis + diclofenac diethylammonium + GNP. External control was formed by challenged tendons without treatment (n = 15). Iontophoresis was administered using 0.3 mA direct current on 1.5 cm&sup2; electrodes. Results: The levels of both inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in untreated challenged rats, when compared with the control (5.398 &plusmn; 234 for interleukin 1 beta and 6.411 &plusmn; 432 for tumor necrosis factor alpha), which confirms the occurrence of an inflammatory stage in injury (P &lt; 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in expression of cytokines interleukin 1 beta in the three treatment groups, in comparison with untreated challenged tendons, although, in the group treated with diclofenac and GNP, results were similar to the control (1.732 &plusmn; 239) (P &lt; 0.05). Concerning tumor necrosis factor alpha, only the group treated with the association diclofenac and GNPs presented decreased levels, compared with the control (3.221 &plusmn; 369) (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The results show the efficacy of drug administration using direct current to treat tendinitis in an animal model, and the potential anti-inflammatory, carrier, and enhancing effects of GNPs in iontophoresis.Keywords: tendinous injury, proinflammatory cytokines, electrophoresis, iontophoresis, nanoparticles
format	article
author	Dohnert MB Ven&acirc;ncio M Possato JC Zeferino RC Dohnert LH Zugno AI De Souza CT Paula MMS Luciano TF
author_facet	Dohnert MB Ven&acirc;ncio M Possato JC Zeferino RC Dohnert LH Zugno AI De Souza CT Paula MMS Luciano TF
author_sort	Dohnert MB
title	Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis
title_short	Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis
title_full	Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis
title_fullStr	Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis
title_full_unstemmed	Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis
title_sort	gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in achilles tendinitis
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/56c9387dccad4bdb8347c6a7db07f162
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_version_	1718400767222611968

Gold nanoparticles and diclofenac diethylammonium administered by iontophoresis reduce inflammatory cytokines expression in Achilles tendinitis

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