MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations

Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) is a measurement technique capable of measuring displacements with high temporal resolution at high accuracy. Current implementations of TRI use large and/or movable antennas for generating two-dimensional displacement maps. Multiple Input Multiple Output Synth...

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Autores principales:	Andreas Baumann-Ouyang, Jemil Avers Butt, David Salido-Monzú, Andreas Wieser
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	MIMO-SAR interferometery FMCW radar displacement measurement multiple targets W-band Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56cc2bb989204ed49c1bad576963aca0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56cc2bb989204ed49c1bad576963aca02021-11-11T18:53:03ZMIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations10.3390/rs132142902072-4292https://doaj.org/article/56cc2bb989204ed49c1bad576963aca02021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4290https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) is a measurement technique capable of measuring displacements with high temporal resolution at high accuracy. Current implementations of TRI use large and/or movable antennas for generating two-dimensional displacement maps. Multiple Input Multiple Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO-SAR) systems are an emerging alternative. As they have no moving parts, they are more easily deployable and cost-effective. These features suggest the potential usage of MIMO-SAR interferometry for structural health monitoring (SHM) supplementing classical geodetic and mechanical measurement systems. The effects impacting the performance of MIMO-SAR systems are, however, not yet sufficiently well understood for practical applications. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of a MIMO-SAR system originally devised for automotive sensing, and assess its capabilities for deformation monitoring. The acquisitions generated for these investigations feature a 180<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> Field-of-View (FOV), distances of up to 60 m and a temporal sampling rate of up to 400 Hz. Experiments include static and dynamic setups carried out in a lab-environment and under more challenging meteorological conditions featuring sunshine, fog, and cloud-cover. The experiments highlight the capabilities and limitations of the radar, while allowing quantification of the measurement uncertainties, whose sources and impacts we discuss. We demonstrate that, under sufficiently stable meteorological conditions with humidity variations smaller than 1%, displacements as low as 25 μm can be detected reliably. Detecting displacements occurring over longer time frames is limited by the uncertainty induced by changes in the refractive index.Andreas Baumann-OuyangJemil Avers ButtDavid Salido-MonzúAndreas WieserMDPI AGarticleMIMO-SARinterferometeryFMCW radardisplacement measurementmultiple targetsW-bandScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4290, p 4290 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	MIMO-SAR interferometery FMCW radar displacement measurement multiple targets W-band Science Q
spellingShingle	MIMO-SAR interferometery FMCW radar displacement measurement multiple targets W-band Science Q Andreas Baumann-Ouyang Jemil Avers Butt David Salido-Monzú Andreas Wieser MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations
description	Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) is a measurement technique capable of measuring displacements with high temporal resolution at high accuracy. Current implementations of TRI use large and/or movable antennas for generating two-dimensional displacement maps. Multiple Input Multiple Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO-SAR) systems are an emerging alternative. As they have no moving parts, they are more easily deployable and cost-effective. These features suggest the potential usage of MIMO-SAR interferometry for structural health monitoring (SHM) supplementing classical geodetic and mechanical measurement systems. The effects impacting the performance of MIMO-SAR systems are, however, not yet sufficiently well understood for practical applications. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of a MIMO-SAR system originally devised for automotive sensing, and assess its capabilities for deformation monitoring. The acquisitions generated for these investigations feature a 180<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> Field-of-View (FOV), distances of up to 60 m and a temporal sampling rate of up to 400 Hz. Experiments include static and dynamic setups carried out in a lab-environment and under more challenging meteorological conditions featuring sunshine, fog, and cloud-cover. The experiments highlight the capabilities and limitations of the radar, while allowing quantification of the measurement uncertainties, whose sources and impacts we discuss. We demonstrate that, under sufficiently stable meteorological conditions with humidity variations smaller than 1%, displacements as low as 25 μm can be detected reliably. Detecting displacements occurring over longer time frames is limited by the uncertainty induced by changes in the refractive index.
format	article
author	Andreas Baumann-Ouyang Jemil Avers Butt David Salido-Monzú Andreas Wieser
author_facet	Andreas Baumann-Ouyang Jemil Avers Butt David Salido-Monzú Andreas Wieser
author_sort	Andreas Baumann-Ouyang
title	MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations
title_short	MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations
title_full	MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations
title_fullStr	MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations
title_full_unstemmed	MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations
title_sort	mimo-sar interferometric measurements for structural monitoring: accuracy and limitations
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/56cc2bb989204ed49c1bad576963aca0
work_keys_str_mv	AT andreasbaumannouyang mimosarinterferometricmeasurementsforstructuralmonitoringaccuracyandlimitations AT jemilaversbutt mimosarinterferometricmeasurementsforstructuralmonitoringaccuracyandlimitations AT davidsalidomonzu mimosarinterferometricmeasurementsforstructuralmonitoringaccuracyandlimitations AT andreaswieser mimosarinterferometricmeasurementsforstructuralmonitoringaccuracyandlimitations
_version_	1718431702019211264

MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations

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