Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service

Abstract The reduced service cost offered by Sensing and Actuation as a Service paradigm, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) era, has encouraged many establishments to start without worrying about having their own infrastructure. Such a paradigm is typically managed by a centralized cloud serv...

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Autores principales:	Abdulsalam Alammari, Salman Abdul Moiz, Atul Negi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56d0a8c615194449a863779594132e2b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56d0a8c615194449a863779594132e2b2021-11-08T10:49:04ZEnhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service10.1038/s41598-021-00926-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/56d0a8c615194449a863779594132e2b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00926-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The reduced service cost offered by Sensing and Actuation as a Service paradigm, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) era, has encouraged many establishments to start without worrying about having their own infrastructure. Such a paradigm is typically managed by a centralized cloud service provider. Fog paradigm has emerged as a mini-cloud that if designed with care to assist the cloud, together will achieve better performance. This article introduces a layered fog architecture called Sensors and Actuator Layered Fog Services Delivery (SALFSD) for IoT ecosystems. The significance of SALFSD is being fault resistant; it dynamically reassigns tasks of the failed node to the nearest active node to maintain the network connection. Besides, SALFSD monitors end users pre-specified cases closer to the physical devices hired by end users to fasten generating the actuation commands. Such node may offload its monitoring responsibility to its parent node in case it is overloaded. SALFSD is evaluated using Yet Another Fog Simulator in different scenarios (numbers of users, sensors, actuators, and areas). A comparison was made for Sensing and Actuating as a Service (SAaaS) with/without layered fog, and layered fog with/without (failure reassignment, pre-specified cases in fog nodes, and offloading). The comparison was conducted in terms of computing/communication latencies and the number of missed messages for both observations and actuation commands. Results show that failure reassignment prevented losing messages and maintained network connectivity. Also, wisely selecting the monitoring fog node per end user pre-specified cases and the offloading scheme decreased actuation latency.Abdulsalam AlammariSalman Abdul MoizAtul NegiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-23 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Abdulsalam Alammari Salman Abdul Moiz Atul Negi Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service
description	Abstract The reduced service cost offered by Sensing and Actuation as a Service paradigm, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) era, has encouraged many establishments to start without worrying about having their own infrastructure. Such a paradigm is typically managed by a centralized cloud service provider. Fog paradigm has emerged as a mini-cloud that if designed with care to assist the cloud, together will achieve better performance. This article introduces a layered fog architecture called Sensors and Actuator Layered Fog Services Delivery (SALFSD) for IoT ecosystems. The significance of SALFSD is being fault resistant; it dynamically reassigns tasks of the failed node to the nearest active node to maintain the network connection. Besides, SALFSD monitors end users pre-specified cases closer to the physical devices hired by end users to fasten generating the actuation commands. Such node may offload its monitoring responsibility to its parent node in case it is overloaded. SALFSD is evaluated using Yet Another Fog Simulator in different scenarios (numbers of users, sensors, actuators, and areas). A comparison was made for Sensing and Actuating as a Service (SAaaS) with/without layered fog, and layered fog with/without (failure reassignment, pre-specified cases in fog nodes, and offloading). The comparison was conducted in terms of computing/communication latencies and the number of missed messages for both observations and actuation commands. Results show that failure reassignment prevented losing messages and maintained network connectivity. Also, wisely selecting the monitoring fog node per end user pre-specified cases and the offloading scheme decreased actuation latency.
format	article
author	Abdulsalam Alammari Salman Abdul Moiz Atul Negi
author_facet	Abdulsalam Alammari Salman Abdul Moiz Atul Negi
author_sort	Abdulsalam Alammari
title	Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service
title_short	Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service
title_full	Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service
title_fullStr	Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service
title_sort	enhanced layered fog architecture for iot sensing and actuation as a service
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/56d0a8c615194449a863779594132e2b
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdulsalamalammari enhancedlayeredfogarchitectureforiotsensingandactuationasaservice AT salmanabdulmoiz enhancedlayeredfogarchitectureforiotsensingandactuationasaservice AT atulnegi enhancedlayeredfogarchitectureforiotsensingandactuationasaservice
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Enhanced layered fog architecture for IoT sensing and actuation as a service

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