Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.

Vertebrate innate immunity is the first line of defense against an invading pathogen and has long been assumed to be largely unspecific with respect to parasite/pathogen species. However, recent phenotypic evidence suggests that immunogenetic variation, i.e. allelic variability in genes associated w...

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Autores principales:	David Haase, Jennifer K Rieger, Anika Witten, Monika Stoll, Erich Bornberg-Bauer, Martin Kalbe, Thorsten B H Reusch
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/56e72d40d3b94eb5a544fde3a439ae25
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:56e72d40d3b94eb5a544fde3a439ae252021-11-25T05:59:18ZSpecific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0108001https://doaj.org/article/56e72d40d3b94eb5a544fde3a439ae252014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108001https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Vertebrate innate immunity is the first line of defense against an invading pathogen and has long been assumed to be largely unspecific with respect to parasite/pathogen species. However, recent phenotypic evidence suggests that immunogenetic variation, i.e. allelic variability in genes associated with the immune system, results in host-parasite genotype-by-genotype interactions and thus specific innate immune responses. Immunogenetic variation is common in all vertebrate taxa and this reflects an effective immunological function in complex environments. However, the underlying variability in host gene expression patterns as response of innate immunity to within-species genetic diversity of macroparasites in vertebrates is unknown. We hypothesized that intra-specific variation among parasite genotypes must be reflected in host gene expression patterns. Here we used high-throughput RNA-sequencing to examine the effect of parasite genotypes on gene expression patterns of a vertebrate host, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). By infecting naïve fish with distinct trematode genotypes of the species Diplostomum pseudospathaceum we show that gene activity of innate immunity in three-spined sticklebacks depended on the identity of an infecting macroparasite genotype. In addition to a suite of genes indicative for a general response against the trematode we also find parasite-strain specific gene expression, in particular in the complement system genes, despite similar infection rates of single clone treatments. The observed discrepancy between infection rates and gene expression indicates the presence of alternative pathways which execute similar functions. This suggests that the innate immune system can induce redundant responses specific to parasite genotypes.David HaaseJennifer K RiegerAnika WittenMonika StollErich Bornberg-BauerMartin KalbeThorsten B H ReuschPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e108001 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q David Haase Jennifer K Rieger Anika Witten Monika Stoll Erich Bornberg-Bauer Martin Kalbe Thorsten B H Reusch Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.
description	Vertebrate innate immunity is the first line of defense against an invading pathogen and has long been assumed to be largely unspecific with respect to parasite/pathogen species. However, recent phenotypic evidence suggests that immunogenetic variation, i.e. allelic variability in genes associated with the immune system, results in host-parasite genotype-by-genotype interactions and thus specific innate immune responses. Immunogenetic variation is common in all vertebrate taxa and this reflects an effective immunological function in complex environments. However, the underlying variability in host gene expression patterns as response of innate immunity to within-species genetic diversity of macroparasites in vertebrates is unknown. We hypothesized that intra-specific variation among parasite genotypes must be reflected in host gene expression patterns. Here we used high-throughput RNA-sequencing to examine the effect of parasite genotypes on gene expression patterns of a vertebrate host, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). By infecting naïve fish with distinct trematode genotypes of the species Diplostomum pseudospathaceum we show that gene activity of innate immunity in three-spined sticklebacks depended on the identity of an infecting macroparasite genotype. In addition to a suite of genes indicative for a general response against the trematode we also find parasite-strain specific gene expression, in particular in the complement system genes, despite similar infection rates of single clone treatments. The observed discrepancy between infection rates and gene expression indicates the presence of alternative pathways which execute similar functions. This suggests that the innate immune system can induce redundant responses specific to parasite genotypes.
format	article
author	David Haase Jennifer K Rieger Anika Witten Monika Stoll Erich Bornberg-Bauer Martin Kalbe Thorsten B H Reusch
author_facet	David Haase Jennifer K Rieger Anika Witten Monika Stoll Erich Bornberg-Bauer Martin Kalbe Thorsten B H Reusch
author_sort	David Haase
title	Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.
title_short	Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.
title_full	Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.
title_fullStr	Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.
title_full_unstemmed	Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.
title_sort	specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/56e72d40d3b94eb5a544fde3a439ae25
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Specific gene expression responses to parasite genotypes reveal redundancy of innate immunity in vertebrates.

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