Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.

<h4>Background</h4>Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent several types of transferable vancomycin resistance gene clusters. The vanD type, associated with moderate to high level vancomycin resistance, has only sporadically been described in clinical isolates. The aim of this s...

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Autores principales:	Mushtaq T S Al Rubaye, Jessin Janice, Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt, Aleksandra Jakovljev, Maria Elisabeth Hultström, Arnfinn Sundsfjord, Kristin Hegstad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/571798e980c04f129aa3a4919f8d742c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:571798e980c04f129aa3a4919f8d742c2021-12-02T20:06:28ZNovel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255187https://doaj.org/article/571798e980c04f129aa3a4919f8d742c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255187https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent several types of transferable vancomycin resistance gene clusters. The vanD type, associated with moderate to high level vancomycin resistance, has only sporadically been described in clinical isolates. The aim of this study was to perform a genetic characterization of the first VanD-type VRE strains detected in Norway.<h4>Methods</h4>The VanD-type VRE-strains (n = 6) from two patient cases were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to uncover Van-phenotype, strain phylogeny, the vanD gene clusters, and their genetic surroundings. The putative transferability of vanD was examined by circularization PCR and filter mating.<h4>Results</h4>The VanD-type Enterococcus faecium (n = 4) and Enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 2) strains recovered from two cases (A and B), expressed moderate to high level vancomycin resistance (MIC 64->256 mg/L) and various levels of teicoplanin susceptibility (MIC 2->256 mg/L). WGS analyses revealed phylogenetically different E. faecium strains (A1, A2, and A3 of case A and B1 from case B) as well as vanD gene clusters located on different novel genomic islands (GIs). The E. casseliflavus strains (B2 and B3 of case B) were not clonally related, but harbored nearly identical novel GIs. The vanD cluster of case B strains represents a novel vanD-subtype. All the vanD-GIs were integrated at the same chromosomal site and contained genes consistent with a Clostridiales origin. Circular forms of the vanD-GIs were detected in all strains except B1. Transfer of vanD to an E. faecium recipient was unsuccessful.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We describe the first VanD-type E. casseliflavus strains, a novel vanD-subtype, and three novel vanD-GIs with a genetic content consistent with a Clostridiales order origin. Despite temporal occurrence, case A and B E. faecium strains were phylogenetically diverse and harbored different vanD subtypes and vanD-GIs.Mushtaq T S Al RubayeJessin JaniceJørgen Vildershøj BjørnholtAleksandra JakovljevMaria Elisabeth HultströmArnfinn SundsfjordKristin HegstadPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0255187 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mushtaq T S Al Rubaye Jessin Janice Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt Aleksandra Jakovljev Maria Elisabeth Hultström Arnfinn Sundsfjord Kristin Hegstad Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent several types of transferable vancomycin resistance gene clusters. The vanD type, associated with moderate to high level vancomycin resistance, has only sporadically been described in clinical isolates. The aim of this study was to perform a genetic characterization of the first VanD-type VRE strains detected in Norway.<h4>Methods</h4>The VanD-type VRE-strains (n = 6) from two patient cases were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to uncover Van-phenotype, strain phylogeny, the vanD gene clusters, and their genetic surroundings. The putative transferability of vanD was examined by circularization PCR and filter mating.<h4>Results</h4>The VanD-type Enterococcus faecium (n = 4) and Enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 2) strains recovered from two cases (A and B), expressed moderate to high level vancomycin resistance (MIC 64->256 mg/L) and various levels of teicoplanin susceptibility (MIC 2->256 mg/L). WGS analyses revealed phylogenetically different E. faecium strains (A1, A2, and A3 of case A and B1 from case B) as well as vanD gene clusters located on different novel genomic islands (GIs). The E. casseliflavus strains (B2 and B3 of case B) were not clonally related, but harbored nearly identical novel GIs. The vanD cluster of case B strains represents a novel vanD-subtype. All the vanD-GIs were integrated at the same chromosomal site and contained genes consistent with a Clostridiales origin. Circular forms of the vanD-GIs were detected in all strains except B1. Transfer of vanD to an E. faecium recipient was unsuccessful.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We describe the first VanD-type E. casseliflavus strains, a novel vanD-subtype, and three novel vanD-GIs with a genetic content consistent with a Clostridiales order origin. Despite temporal occurrence, case A and B E. faecium strains were phylogenetically diverse and harbored different vanD subtypes and vanD-GIs.
format	article
author	Mushtaq T S Al Rubaye Jessin Janice Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt Aleksandra Jakovljev Maria Elisabeth Hultström Arnfinn Sundsfjord Kristin Hegstad
author_facet	Mushtaq T S Al Rubaye Jessin Janice Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt Aleksandra Jakovljev Maria Elisabeth Hultström Arnfinn Sundsfjord Kristin Hegstad
author_sort	Mushtaq T S Al Rubaye
title	Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.
title_short	Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.
title_full	Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.
title_fullStr	Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.
title_full_unstemmed	Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.
title_sort	novel genomic islands and a new vand-subtype in the first sporadic vand-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in norway.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/571798e980c04f129aa3a4919f8d742c
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Novel genomic islands and a new vanD-subtype in the first sporadic VanD-type vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norway.

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