Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is treatment with a combination of several antiretroviral drugs that block multiple stages in the virus replication cycle. An estimated 60% of the 38 million HIV-1 patients globally receive some form of cART. The benefits of cART for controlling HIV-1 replicati...

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Autores principales:	Matthew Weichseldorfer, Marvin Reitz, Olga S. Latinovic
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	HIV-1 AIDS cART entry inhibitors LRA reverse transcriptase inhibitors Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57474763bb204c1f97ea53e53ee90996
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57474763bb204c1f97ea53e53ee909962021-11-25T18:40:46ZPast HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients10.3390/pharmaceutics131117981999-4923https://doaj.org/article/57474763bb204c1f97ea53e53ee909962021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1798https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is treatment with a combination of several antiretroviral drugs that block multiple stages in the virus replication cycle. An estimated 60% of the 38 million HIV-1 patients globally receive some form of cART. The benefits of cART for controlling HIV-1 replication, transmission, and infection rates have led to its universal recommendation. Implementation has caused a substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality of persons living with HIV-1/AIDS (PLWHA). More specifically, standard cART has provided controlled, undetectable levels of viremia, high treatment efficacy, reduction in pill burden, and an improved lifestyle in HIV-1 patients overall. However, HIV-1 patients living with AIDS (HPLA) generally show high viral loads upon cART interruption. Latently infected resting CD4+ T cells remain a major barrier to curing infected patients on long-term cART. There is a critical need for more effective compounds and therapies that not only potently reactivate latently infected cells, but also lead to the death of these reactivated cells. Efforts are ongoing to better control ongoing viral propagation, including the identification of appropriate animal models that best mimic HIV-1 pathogenesis, before proceeding with clinical trials. Limited toxicity profiles, improved drug penetration to certain tissues, and extended-release formulations are needed to cover gaps in existing HIV-1 treatment options. This review will cover past, current, and new cART strategies recently approved or in ongoing development.Matthew WeichseldorferMarvin ReitzOlga S. LatinovicMDPI AGarticleHIV-1AIDScARTentry inhibitorsLRAreverse transcriptase inhibitorsPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1798, p 1798 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HIV-1 AIDS cART entry inhibitors LRA reverse transcriptase inhibitors Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	HIV-1 AIDS cART entry inhibitors LRA reverse transcriptase inhibitors Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Matthew Weichseldorfer Marvin Reitz Olga S. Latinovic Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients
description	Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is treatment with a combination of several antiretroviral drugs that block multiple stages in the virus replication cycle. An estimated 60% of the 38 million HIV-1 patients globally receive some form of cART. The benefits of cART for controlling HIV-1 replication, transmission, and infection rates have led to its universal recommendation. Implementation has caused a substantial reduction in morbidity and mortality of persons living with HIV-1/AIDS (PLWHA). More specifically, standard cART has provided controlled, undetectable levels of viremia, high treatment efficacy, reduction in pill burden, and an improved lifestyle in HIV-1 patients overall. However, HIV-1 patients living with AIDS (HPLA) generally show high viral loads upon cART interruption. Latently infected resting CD4+ T cells remain a major barrier to curing infected patients on long-term cART. There is a critical need for more effective compounds and therapies that not only potently reactivate latently infected cells, but also lead to the death of these reactivated cells. Efforts are ongoing to better control ongoing viral propagation, including the identification of appropriate animal models that best mimic HIV-1 pathogenesis, before proceeding with clinical trials. Limited toxicity profiles, improved drug penetration to certain tissues, and extended-release formulations are needed to cover gaps in existing HIV-1 treatment options. This review will cover past, current, and new cART strategies recently approved or in ongoing development.
format	article
author	Matthew Weichseldorfer Marvin Reitz Olga S. Latinovic
author_facet	Matthew Weichseldorfer Marvin Reitz Olga S. Latinovic
author_sort	Matthew Weichseldorfer
title	Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients
title_short	Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients
title_full	Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients
title_fullStr	Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients
title_full_unstemmed	Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients
title_sort	past hiv-1 medications and the current status of combined antiretroviral therapy options for hiv-1 patients
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/57474763bb204c1f97ea53e53ee90996
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Past HIV-1 Medications and the Current Status of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Options for HIV-1 Patients

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