Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new composite materials to be introduced into the FDM process as long as they can be manufactured in feedstock filament form. The purpose of this research was to analyze the rheological behavior of oil palm...

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Autores principales:	Mohd Nazri Ahmad, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Faizal Mustapha, Zulkiflle Leman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	FDM oil palm fiber ABS rheology Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5767b7627bba468887acd21aeffe23a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5767b7627bba468887acd21aeffe23a32021-11-11T18:45:50ZRheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)10.3390/polym132137392073-4360https://doaj.org/article/5767b7627bba468887acd21aeffe23a32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3739https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new composite materials to be introduced into the FDM process as long as they can be manufactured in feedstock filament form. The purpose of this research was to analyze the rheological behavior of oil palm fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites when used as a feedstock material, as well as to determine the best processing conditions for FDM. The composite’s shear thinning behavior was observed, and scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal its composition. The morphological result found that there was a good fiber/matrix adhesion with a 3 wt% fiber loading, as no fiber pullouts or gaps developed between the oil palm fiber and ABS. However, some pores and fiber pullouts were found with a 5 and 7 wt% fiber loading. Next, the rheological results showed that the increment of fiber content (wt%) increased the viscosity. This discovery can definitely be used in the extrusion process for making wire filament for FDM. The shear thinning effect was increased by adding 3, 5, or 7 wt% of oil palm fiber. The non-Newtonian index (n) of the composites increased as the number of shear rates increased, indicating that the fiber loading had a significant impact on the rheological behavior. As the fiber loading increased, the viscosity and shear stress values increased as well. As a result, oil fiber reinforced polymer composites can be used as a feedstock filament for FDM.Mohd Nazri AhmadMohamad Ridzwan IshakMastura Mohammad TahaFaizal MustaphaZulkiflle LemanMDPI AGarticleFDMoil palm fiberABSrheologyOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3739, p 3739 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	FDM oil palm fiber ABS rheology Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	FDM oil palm fiber ABS rheology Organic chemistry QD241-441 Mohd Nazri Ahmad Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak Mastura Mohammad Taha Faizal Mustapha Zulkiflle Leman Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
description	Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new composite materials to be introduced into the FDM process as long as they can be manufactured in feedstock filament form. The purpose of this research was to analyze the rheological behavior of oil palm fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites when used as a feedstock material, as well as to determine the best processing conditions for FDM. The composite’s shear thinning behavior was observed, and scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal its composition. The morphological result found that there was a good fiber/matrix adhesion with a 3 wt% fiber loading, as no fiber pullouts or gaps developed between the oil palm fiber and ABS. However, some pores and fiber pullouts were found with a 5 and 7 wt% fiber loading. Next, the rheological results showed that the increment of fiber content (wt%) increased the viscosity. This discovery can definitely be used in the extrusion process for making wire filament for FDM. The shear thinning effect was increased by adding 3, 5, or 7 wt% of oil palm fiber. The non-Newtonian index (n) of the composites increased as the number of shear rates increased, indicating that the fiber loading had a significant impact on the rheological behavior. As the fiber loading increased, the viscosity and shear stress values increased as well. As a result, oil fiber reinforced polymer composites can be used as a feedstock filament for FDM.
format	article
author	Mohd Nazri Ahmad Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak Mastura Mohammad Taha Faizal Mustapha Zulkiflle Leman
author_facet	Mohd Nazri Ahmad Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak Mastura Mohammad Taha Faizal Mustapha Zulkiflle Leman
author_sort	Mohd Nazri Ahmad
title	Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
title_short	Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
title_full	Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
title_fullStr	Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
title_full_unstemmed	Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
title_sort	rheological and morphological properties of oil palm fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites for fused deposition modeling (fdm)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5767b7627bba468887acd21aeffe23a3
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohdnazriahmad rheologicalandmorphologicalpropertiesofoilpalmfiberreinforcedthermoplasticcompositesforfuseddepositionmodelingfdm AT mohamadridzwanishak rheologicalandmorphologicalpropertiesofoilpalmfiberreinforcedthermoplasticcompositesforfuseddepositionmodelingfdm AT masturamohammadtaha rheologicalandmorphologicalpropertiesofoilpalmfiberreinforcedthermoplasticcompositesforfuseddepositionmodelingfdm AT faizalmustapha rheologicalandmorphologicalpropertiesofoilpalmfiberreinforcedthermoplasticcompositesforfuseddepositionmodelingfdm AT zulkiflleleman rheologicalandmorphologicalpropertiesofoilpalmfiberreinforcedthermoplasticcompositesforfuseddepositionmodelingfdm
_version_	1718431702203760640

Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

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