Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data

In many developing countries, poorly constructed pit latrines are the primary source of groundwater contamination. Approaches are needed to identify site-specific separation distances between domestic wells and pit latrines. In this study, tracer transport simulations are combined with water quality...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Tula M. Ngasala, Mantha S. Phanikumar, Susan J. Masten
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	contaminant transport developing country domestic wells groundwater flow pit latrine separation distance Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5769bcb8994c4f3d988fd1b4789699e6
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:5769bcb8994c4f3d988fd1b4789699e6
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5769bcb8994c4f3d988fd1b4789699e62021-12-02T07:41:20ZImproving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.428https://doaj.org/article/5769bcb8994c4f3d988fd1b4789699e62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/84/10-11/3311https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732In many developing countries, poorly constructed pit latrines are the primary source of groundwater contamination. Approaches are needed to identify site-specific separation distances between domestic wells and pit latrines. In this study, tracer transport simulations are combined with water quality monitoring data to identify separation distances in peri-urban Dar es Salaam. Bivariate correlation and linear regression models were used to find the relationships between (1) simulated tracer and distances from the wells to the nearest pit latrines (2) simulated tracer and observed contaminants (nitrate, E. coli, and total dissolved solids). The results showed a strong correlation between tracer with nitrate and E. coli, with Pearson coefficient (r) values of 0.80 and 0.79, but a weak correlation with total dissolved solids (TDS) (r = 0.23). A strong correlation between tracer and distance for shallow and deep wells (r = −0.96, −0.76) was found. Based on the soil type and aquifer properties in the area, wells must be placed at least 34 m from a pit latrine to minimize contamination. With recent advances in sensor technologies and the availability of low-cost sensors, linking simulated tracer with observed contaminant levels may provide an alternative first approach to quickly assess human health risks associated with groundwater contamination. HIGHLIGHTS A method to determine site-specific separation distance between wells and pit latrines was developed.; Tracer transport simulations and statistical analyses were used to find relationships between tracer, distance and contaminants.; A strong correlation was found between simulated tracer, distance to the nearest pit latrine and contaminants.; In this area, wells must be placed >34 m from pit latrines to minimize contamination.;Tula M. NgasalaMantha S. PhanikumarSusan J. MastenIWA Publishingarticlecontaminant transportdeveloping countrydomestic wellsgroundwater flowpit latrineseparation distanceEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 84, Iss 10-11, Pp 3311-3322 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	contaminant transport developing country domestic wells groundwater flow pit latrine separation distance Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	contaminant transport developing country domestic wells groundwater flow pit latrine separation distance Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Tula M. Ngasala Mantha S. Phanikumar Susan J. Masten Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data
description	In many developing countries, poorly constructed pit latrines are the primary source of groundwater contamination. Approaches are needed to identify site-specific separation distances between domestic wells and pit latrines. In this study, tracer transport simulations are combined with water quality monitoring data to identify separation distances in peri-urban Dar es Salaam. Bivariate correlation and linear regression models were used to find the relationships between (1) simulated tracer and distances from the wells to the nearest pit latrines (2) simulated tracer and observed contaminants (nitrate, E. coli, and total dissolved solids). The results showed a strong correlation between tracer with nitrate and E. coli, with Pearson coefficient (r) values of 0.80 and 0.79, but a weak correlation with total dissolved solids (TDS) (r = 0.23). A strong correlation between tracer and distance for shallow and deep wells (r = −0.96, −0.76) was found. Based on the soil type and aquifer properties in the area, wells must be placed at least 34 m from a pit latrine to minimize contamination. With recent advances in sensor technologies and the availability of low-cost sensors, linking simulated tracer with observed contaminant levels may provide an alternative first approach to quickly assess human health risks associated with groundwater contamination. HIGHLIGHTS A method to determine site-specific separation distance between wells and pit latrines was developed.; Tracer transport simulations and statistical analyses were used to find relationships between tracer, distance and contaminants.; A strong correlation was found between simulated tracer, distance to the nearest pit latrine and contaminants.; In this area, wells must be placed >34 m from pit latrines to minimize contamination.;
format	article
author	Tula M. Ngasala Mantha S. Phanikumar Susan J. Masten
author_facet	Tula M. Ngasala Mantha S. Phanikumar Susan J. Masten
author_sort	Tula M. Ngasala
title	Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data
title_short	Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data
title_full	Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data
title_fullStr	Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data
title_full_unstemmed	Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data
title_sort	improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5769bcb8994c4f3d988fd1b4789699e6
work_keys_str_mv	AT tulamngasala improvingsafesanitationpracticesusinggroundwatertransportmodellingandwaterqualitymonitoringdata AT manthasphanikumar improvingsafesanitationpracticesusinggroundwatertransportmodellingandwaterqualitymonitoringdata AT susanjmasten improvingsafesanitationpracticesusinggroundwatertransportmodellingandwaterqualitymonitoringdata
_version_	1718399225403801600

Improving safe sanitation practices using groundwater transport modelling and water quality monitoring data

Ejemplares similares