How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review

Abstract Background Motor deficiencies are observed in a large number of children with ADHD. Especially fine motor impairments can lead to academic underachievement, low self-esteem and frustration in affected children. Despite these far-reaching consequences, fine motor deficiencies have remained w...

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Autores principales:	Miriam Lelong, Annina Zysset, Mirjam Nievergelt, Reto Luder, Ulrich Götz, Christina Schulze, Frank Wieber
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	ADHD Children Fine motor skills Handwriting Graphomotor skills Training Pediatrics RJ1-570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57832f56ab824491b9a81a1d1fce00a5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57832f56ab824491b9a81a1d1fce00a52021-11-08T11:04:46ZHow effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review10.1186/s12887-021-02916-51471-2431https://doaj.org/article/57832f56ab824491b9a81a1d1fce00a52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02916-5https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2431Abstract Background Motor deficiencies are observed in a large number of children with ADHD. Especially fine motor impairments can lead to academic underachievement, low self-esteem and frustration in affected children. Despite these far-reaching consequences, fine motor deficiencies have remained widely undertreated in the ADHD population. The aim of this review was to systematically map the evidence on existing training programs for remediating fine motor impairments in children with ADHD and to assess their effectiveness. Methods The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. In March 2020, PsycINFO, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for evidence. The eligibility criteria and the data charting process followed the PICO framework, complemented by study design. The investigated population included children with a formal ADHD diagnosis (either subtype) or elevated ADHD symptoms aged between 4 and 12 years, both on and off medication. All training interventions aiming at improving fine motor skills, having a fine motor component or fine motor improvements as a secondary outcome were assessed for eligibility; no comparators were specified. Results Twelve articles were included in the final report, comprising observational and experimental studies as well as a review. Both offline and online or virtual training interventions were reported, often accompanied by physical activity and supplemented by training sessions at home. The training programs varied in length and intensity, but generally comprised several weeks and single or multiple training sessions per week. All interventions including more than one session were effective in the treatment of fine motor deficiencies in children with ADHD and had a wide range of additional positive outcomes. The effects could be maintained at follow-up. Conclusions Fine motor training in children with ADHD can be very effective and multiple approaches including specific fine motor and cognitive training components, some kind of physical activity, feedback mechanisms, or multimodal treatments can be successful. Training programs need to be tailored to the specific characteristics of the ADHD population. A mHealth approach using serious games could be promising in this context due to its strong motivational components.Miriam LelongAnnina ZyssetMirjam NievergeltReto LuderUlrich GötzChristina SchulzeFrank WieberBMCarticleADHDChildrenFine motor skillsHandwritingGraphomotor skillsTrainingPediatricsRJ1-570ENBMC Pediatrics, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ADHD Children Fine motor skills Handwriting Graphomotor skills Training Pediatrics RJ1-570
spellingShingle	ADHD Children Fine motor skills Handwriting Graphomotor skills Training Pediatrics RJ1-570 Miriam Lelong Annina Zysset Mirjam Nievergelt Reto Luder Ulrich Götz Christina Schulze Frank Wieber How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review
description	Abstract Background Motor deficiencies are observed in a large number of children with ADHD. Especially fine motor impairments can lead to academic underachievement, low self-esteem and frustration in affected children. Despite these far-reaching consequences, fine motor deficiencies have remained widely undertreated in the ADHD population. The aim of this review was to systematically map the evidence on existing training programs for remediating fine motor impairments in children with ADHD and to assess their effectiveness. Methods The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. In March 2020, PsycINFO, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for evidence. The eligibility criteria and the data charting process followed the PICO framework, complemented by study design. The investigated population included children with a formal ADHD diagnosis (either subtype) or elevated ADHD symptoms aged between 4 and 12 years, both on and off medication. All training interventions aiming at improving fine motor skills, having a fine motor component or fine motor improvements as a secondary outcome were assessed for eligibility; no comparators were specified. Results Twelve articles were included in the final report, comprising observational and experimental studies as well as a review. Both offline and online or virtual training interventions were reported, often accompanied by physical activity and supplemented by training sessions at home. The training programs varied in length and intensity, but generally comprised several weeks and single or multiple training sessions per week. All interventions including more than one session were effective in the treatment of fine motor deficiencies in children with ADHD and had a wide range of additional positive outcomes. The effects could be maintained at follow-up. Conclusions Fine motor training in children with ADHD can be very effective and multiple approaches including specific fine motor and cognitive training components, some kind of physical activity, feedback mechanisms, or multimodal treatments can be successful. Training programs need to be tailored to the specific characteristics of the ADHD population. A mHealth approach using serious games could be promising in this context due to its strong motivational components.
format	article
author	Miriam Lelong Annina Zysset Mirjam Nievergelt Reto Luder Ulrich Götz Christina Schulze Frank Wieber
author_facet	Miriam Lelong Annina Zysset Mirjam Nievergelt Reto Luder Ulrich Götz Christina Schulze Frank Wieber
author_sort	Miriam Lelong
title	How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review
title_short	How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review
title_full	How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review
title_fullStr	How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review
title_full_unstemmed	How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review
title_sort	how effective is fine motor training in children with adhd? a scoping review
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/57832f56ab824491b9a81a1d1fce00a5
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How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review

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