Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease

Abstract Central retinal loss through macular disease markedly reduces the ability to read largely because identification of a word using peripheral vision is negatively influenced by nearby text, a phenomenon termed visual crowding. Here, we present a novel peripheral reading protocol, termed Word...

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Autores principales:	Stuart Wallis, Yit Yang, Stephen J. Anderson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57b145bc6bcc486db28f6caa8d60e4cc
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:57b145bc6bcc486db28f6caa8d60e4cc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57b145bc6bcc486db28f6caa8d60e4cc2021-12-02T15:08:19ZWord Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease10.1038/s41598-018-19859-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/57b145bc6bcc486db28f6caa8d60e4cc2018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19859-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Central retinal loss through macular disease markedly reduces the ability to read largely because identification of a word using peripheral vision is negatively influenced by nearby text, a phenomenon termed visual crowding. Here, we present a novel peripheral reading protocol, termed Word Mode, that eliminates crowding by presenting each word in isolation but in a position that mimics its natural position in the line of text being read, with each new word elicited using a self-paced button press. We used a gaze-contingent paradigm to simulate a central scotoma in four normally-sighted observers, and measured oral reading speed for text positioned 7.5° in the inferior field. Compared with reading whole sentences, our crowding-free protocol increased peripheral reading speeds by up to a factor of seven, resulted in significantly fewer reading errors and fixations per sentence, and reduced both the critical print size and the text size required for spot reading by 0.2–0.3 logMAR. We conclude that the level of reading efficiency afforded by the crowding-free reading protocol Word Mode may return reading as a viable activity to many individuals with macular disease.Stuart WallisYit YangStephen J. AndersonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Stuart Wallis Yit Yang Stephen J. Anderson Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
description	Abstract Central retinal loss through macular disease markedly reduces the ability to read largely because identification of a word using peripheral vision is negatively influenced by nearby text, a phenomenon termed visual crowding. Here, we present a novel peripheral reading protocol, termed Word Mode, that eliminates crowding by presenting each word in isolation but in a position that mimics its natural position in the line of text being read, with each new word elicited using a self-paced button press. We used a gaze-contingent paradigm to simulate a central scotoma in four normally-sighted observers, and measured oral reading speed for text positioned 7.5° in the inferior field. Compared with reading whole sentences, our crowding-free protocol increased peripheral reading speeds by up to a factor of seven, resulted in significantly fewer reading errors and fixations per sentence, and reduced both the critical print size and the text size required for spot reading by 0.2–0.3 logMAR. We conclude that the level of reading efficiency afforded by the crowding-free reading protocol Word Mode may return reading as a viable activity to many individuals with macular disease.
format	article
author	Stuart Wallis Yit Yang Stephen J. Anderson
author_facet	Stuart Wallis Yit Yang Stephen J. Anderson
author_sort	Stuart Wallis
title	Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
title_short	Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
title_full	Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
title_fullStr	Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
title_full_unstemmed	Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
title_sort	word mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/57b145bc6bcc486db28f6caa8d60e4cc
work_keys_str_mv	AT stuartwallis wordmodeacrowdingfreereadingprotocolforindividualswithmaculardisease AT yityang wordmodeacrowdingfreereadingprotocolforindividualswithmaculardisease AT stephenjanderson wordmodeacrowdingfreereadingprotocolforindividualswithmaculardisease
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Word Mode: a crowding-free reading protocol for individuals with macular disease

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