Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health

The distribution of metals in the Rwizi River ecosystem was investigated and human health risks were assessed. Samples of water, sediment, damselfly larvae (Ceriagrion glabrum) and fish species (Brycinus sadleri and Barbus altianalis), were collected at six sites. In all samples the trace elements A...

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Autores principales:	Anthony Basooma, Lies Teunen, Nathan Semwanga, Lieven Bervoets
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Hazard quotient Trace metals River Rwizi Ceriagrion glabrum Barbus altianalis Brycinus sadleri Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57d4e7c654b44c68b2863b5a033e1925
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57d4e7c654b44c68b2863b5a033e19252021-12-02T05:02:39ZTrace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health2405-844010.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08327https://doaj.org/article/57d4e7c654b44c68b2863b5a033e19252021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021024300https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440The distribution of metals in the Rwizi River ecosystem was investigated and human health risks were assessed. Samples of water, sediment, damselfly larvae (Ceriagrion glabrum) and fish species (Brycinus sadleri and Barbus altianalis), were collected at six sites. In all samples the trace elements As, Al, Au, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn, were quantified. Sediment samples near the gold mine had significantly higher concentrations of Hg, Fe and Al although all the concentrations were below the probable effect concentrations (PEC). The dissolved concentrations of trace metals were within the European standards and WHO drinking water guidelines. However, Fe and Mn concentrations exceeded the standards at three sites. The damselfly larvae were good indicators of local metal pollution. The fish species accumulated metal levels in the order gills > liver > muscle for most metals except for Hg. Multiple regressions between accumulated metals in damselfly with environmental metal levels showed only for Au and Cd significant positive relationships. Relating environmental metal levels and physicochemical characteristics to the levels in the invertebrates, only for Cu and Pb significant relationships were found. With respect to the measured metals, the fish were safe for human consumption in most cases although Brycinus sadleri posed a potential health risk due to a As hazard quotient (HQ) of 2.2 that exceeded the critical value of 1. Similarly, the maximum edible risk-free quantity (Q) for As in Brycinus sadleri was 1.5 g (95 % CI), less than the minimum risk free quantity of 31.5 g. In conclusion, the river water was safe for drinking but the extraction of gold using Hg should be replaced with an environmentally friendly method or an effective wastewater treatment should be instituted. People should be cautioned from consuming Brycinus sadler i to avoid potential health hazards.Anthony BasoomaLies TeunenNathan SemwangaLieven BervoetsElsevierarticleHazard quotientTrace metalsRiver RwiziCeriagrion glabrumBarbus altianalisBrycinus sadleriScience (General)Q1-390Social sciences (General)H1-99ENHeliyon, Vol 7, Iss 11, Pp e08327- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Hazard quotient Trace metals River Rwizi Ceriagrion glabrum Barbus altianalis Brycinus sadleri Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99
spellingShingle	Hazard quotient Trace metals River Rwizi Ceriagrion glabrum Barbus altianalis Brycinus sadleri Science (General) Q1-390 Social sciences (General) H1-99 Anthony Basooma Lies Teunen Nathan Semwanga Lieven Bervoets Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health
description	The distribution of metals in the Rwizi River ecosystem was investigated and human health risks were assessed. Samples of water, sediment, damselfly larvae (Ceriagrion glabrum) and fish species (Brycinus sadleri and Barbus altianalis), were collected at six sites. In all samples the trace elements As, Al, Au, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn, were quantified. Sediment samples near the gold mine had significantly higher concentrations of Hg, Fe and Al although all the concentrations were below the probable effect concentrations (PEC). The dissolved concentrations of trace metals were within the European standards and WHO drinking water guidelines. However, Fe and Mn concentrations exceeded the standards at three sites. The damselfly larvae were good indicators of local metal pollution. The fish species accumulated metal levels in the order gills > liver > muscle for most metals except for Hg. Multiple regressions between accumulated metals in damselfly with environmental metal levels showed only for Au and Cd significant positive relationships. Relating environmental metal levels and physicochemical characteristics to the levels in the invertebrates, only for Cu and Pb significant relationships were found. With respect to the measured metals, the fish were safe for human consumption in most cases although Brycinus sadleri posed a potential health risk due to a As hazard quotient (HQ) of 2.2 that exceeded the critical value of 1. Similarly, the maximum edible risk-free quantity (Q) for As in Brycinus sadleri was 1.5 g (95 % CI), less than the minimum risk free quantity of 31.5 g. In conclusion, the river water was safe for drinking but the extraction of gold using Hg should be replaced with an environmentally friendly method or an effective wastewater treatment should be instituted. People should be cautioned from consuming Brycinus sadler i to avoid potential health hazards.
format	article
author	Anthony Basooma Lies Teunen Nathan Semwanga Lieven Bervoets
author_facet	Anthony Basooma Lies Teunen Nathan Semwanga Lieven Bervoets
author_sort	Anthony Basooma
title	Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health
title_short	Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health
title_full	Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health
title_fullStr	Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health
title_full_unstemmed	Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health
title_sort	trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of river rwizi ecosystem in western uganda, and the risks to human health
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/57d4e7c654b44c68b2863b5a033e1925
work_keys_str_mv	AT anthonybasooma tracemetalconcentrationsintheabioticandbioticcomponentsofriverrwiziecosysteminwesternugandaandtheriskstohumanhealth AT liesteunen tracemetalconcentrationsintheabioticandbioticcomponentsofriverrwiziecosysteminwesternugandaandtheriskstohumanhealth AT nathansemwanga tracemetalconcentrationsintheabioticandbioticcomponentsofriverrwiziecosysteminwesternugandaandtheriskstohumanhealth AT lievenbervoets tracemetalconcentrationsintheabioticandbioticcomponentsofriverrwiziecosysteminwesternugandaandtheriskstohumanhealth
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Trace metal concentrations in the abiotic and biotic components of River Rwizi ecosystem in western Uganda, and the risks to human health

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