Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida

Abstract Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is the most recent introduction of an exotic citrus pathogen into Florida and has been a challenge to control to date. Understanding the dispersal pattern of the disease within affected groves is vital in developing effective contro...

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Autores principales:	Katherine E. Hendricks, Mary Christman, Pamela D. Roberts
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57e00f3519fc48b08b964c76c491ea0a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57e00f3519fc48b08b964c76c491ea0a2021-12-02T11:41:00ZSpatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida10.1038/s41598-017-01901-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/57e00f3519fc48b08b964c76c491ea0a2017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01901-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is the most recent introduction of an exotic citrus pathogen into Florida and has been a challenge to control to date. Understanding the dispersal pattern of the disease within affected groves is vital in developing effective control strategies to limit the spread of the disease. The spatial pattern of CBS-affected trees was studied in two commercial ‘Valencia’ orange groves over three consecutive citrus seasons. Cluster analyses based on nearest-neighbor distance (F, G and J-functions) and pairwise distances between points (Ripley’s K function, Besag’s L function and the pair correlation function, g) were used to test the hypothesis of complete spatial randomness (CSR) of CBS infected trees within the groves. In both groves, the hypothesis of CSR was rejected for all tests performed including quadrats testing (2 × 2 trees up to 10 × 10 trees). The relationship between tree age and disease was assessed at one experimental site. Citrus trees bearing fruit for the first time accounted for approximately 13% of trees positive for disease and were located within areas of heavy disease pressure. These findings support short distance movement of inoculum as the main spread of disease in the groves studied.Katherine E. HendricksMary ChristmanPamela D. RobertsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Katherine E. Hendricks Mary Christman Pamela D. Roberts Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida
description	Abstract Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is the most recent introduction of an exotic citrus pathogen into Florida and has been a challenge to control to date. Understanding the dispersal pattern of the disease within affected groves is vital in developing effective control strategies to limit the spread of the disease. The spatial pattern of CBS-affected trees was studied in two commercial ‘Valencia’ orange groves over three consecutive citrus seasons. Cluster analyses based on nearest-neighbor distance (F, G and J-functions) and pairwise distances between points (Ripley’s K function, Besag’s L function and the pair correlation function, g) were used to test the hypothesis of complete spatial randomness (CSR) of CBS infected trees within the groves. In both groves, the hypothesis of CSR was rejected for all tests performed including quadrats testing (2 × 2 trees up to 10 × 10 trees). The relationship between tree age and disease was assessed at one experimental site. Citrus trees bearing fruit for the first time accounted for approximately 13% of trees positive for disease and were located within areas of heavy disease pressure. These findings support short distance movement of inoculum as the main spread of disease in the groves studied.
format	article
author	Katherine E. Hendricks Mary Christman Pamela D. Roberts
author_facet	Katherine E. Hendricks Mary Christman Pamela D. Roberts
author_sort	Katherine E. Hendricks
title	Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida
title_short	Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida
title_full	Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida
title_fullStr	Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida
title_sort	spatial and temporal patterns of commercial citrus trees affected by phyllosticta citricarpa in florida
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/57e00f3519fc48b08b964c76c491ea0a
work_keys_str_mv	AT katherineehendricks spatialandtemporalpatternsofcommercialcitrustreesaffectedbyphyllostictacitricarpainflorida AT marychristman spatialandtemporalpatternsofcommercialcitrustreesaffectedbyphyllostictacitricarpainflorida AT pameladroberts spatialandtemporalpatternsofcommercialcitrustreesaffectedbyphyllostictacitricarpainflorida
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Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Commercial Citrus Trees Affected by Phyllosticta citricarpa in Florida

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