Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space

ABSTRACT Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 was originally isolated from the Jet Propulsion Lab Spacecraft Assembly Facility and thoroughly characterized for its enhanced resistance to UV irradiation and oxidative stress. This unusual resistance of SAFR-032 is of particular concern in the context of planetar...

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Autores principales:	Abby J. Chiang, Ganesh Babu Malli Mohan, Nitin K. Singh, Parag A. Vaishampayan, Markus Kalkum, Kasthuri Venkateswaran
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Mars atmosphere proteomics space conditions tandem mass tag UV resistance Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57e33772030f4ba284fdea2cc3b85e0f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57e33772030f4ba284fdea2cc3b85e0f2021-12-02T19:47:38ZAlteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space10.1128/mSystems.00195-192379-5077https://doaj.org/article/57e33772030f4ba284fdea2cc3b85e0f2019-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00195-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 was originally isolated from the Jet Propulsion Lab Spacecraft Assembly Facility and thoroughly characterized for its enhanced resistance to UV irradiation and oxidative stress. This unusual resistance of SAFR-032 is of particular concern in the context of planetary protection and calls for development of novel disinfection techniques to prevent extraterrestrial contamination. Previously, spores of SAFR-032 were exposed for 18 months to a variety of space conditions on board the International Space Station to investigate their resistance to Mars-like conditions and space travel. Here, proteomic characterization of vegetative SAFR-032 cells from space-surviving spores is presented in comparison to a ground control. Vegetative cells of the first passage were processed and subjected to quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags. Approximately 60% of all proteins encoded by SAFR-032 were identified, and 301 proteins were differentially expressed among the strains. We found that proteins predicted to be involved in carbohydrate transport/metabolism and energy production/conversion had lower abundance than those of the ground control. For three proteins, we showed that the expected metabolic activities were decreased, as expected with direct enzymatic assays. This was consistent with a decrease of ATP production in the space-surviving strains. The same space-surviving strains showed increased abundance of proteins related to survival, growth advantage, and stress response. Such alterations in the proteomes provide insights into possible molecular mechanisms of B. pumilus SAFR-032 to adapt to and resist extreme extraterrestrial environments. IMPORTANCE Spore-forming bacteria are well known for their resistance to harsh environments and are of concern for spreading contamination to extraterrestrial bodies during future life detection missions. Bacillus pumilus has been regularly isolated from spacecraft-associated surfaces and exhibited unusual resistance to ultraviolet light and other sterilization techniques. A better understanding of the mechanisms of microbial survival and enhanced resistance is essential for developing novel disinfection protocols for the purpose of planetary protection. While genomic analyses did not reveal the unique characteristics that explain elevated UV resistance of space-exposed B. pumilus, the proteomics study presented here provided intriguing insight on key metabolic changes. The observed proteomics aberrations reveal a complex biological phenomenon that plays a role in bacterial survival and adaptation under long-term exposure to outer space. This adaptive ability of microorganisms needs to be considered by those tasked with eliminating forward contamination.Abby J. ChiangGanesh Babu Malli MohanNitin K. SinghParag A. VaishampayanMarkus KalkumKasthuri VenkateswaranAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleBacillus pumilus SAFR-032Mars atmosphereproteomicsspace conditionstandem mass tagUV resistanceMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 4, Iss 4 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Mars atmosphere proteomics space conditions tandem mass tag UV resistance Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 Mars atmosphere proteomics space conditions tandem mass tag UV resistance Microbiology QR1-502 Abby J. Chiang Ganesh Babu Malli Mohan Nitin K. Singh Parag A. Vaishampayan Markus Kalkum Kasthuri Venkateswaran Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space
description	ABSTRACT Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 was originally isolated from the Jet Propulsion Lab Spacecraft Assembly Facility and thoroughly characterized for its enhanced resistance to UV irradiation and oxidative stress. This unusual resistance of SAFR-032 is of particular concern in the context of planetary protection and calls for development of novel disinfection techniques to prevent extraterrestrial contamination. Previously, spores of SAFR-032 were exposed for 18 months to a variety of space conditions on board the International Space Station to investigate their resistance to Mars-like conditions and space travel. Here, proteomic characterization of vegetative SAFR-032 cells from space-surviving spores is presented in comparison to a ground control. Vegetative cells of the first passage were processed and subjected to quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags. Approximately 60% of all proteins encoded by SAFR-032 were identified, and 301 proteins were differentially expressed among the strains. We found that proteins predicted to be involved in carbohydrate transport/metabolism and energy production/conversion had lower abundance than those of the ground control. For three proteins, we showed that the expected metabolic activities were decreased, as expected with direct enzymatic assays. This was consistent with a decrease of ATP production in the space-surviving strains. The same space-surviving strains showed increased abundance of proteins related to survival, growth advantage, and stress response. Such alterations in the proteomes provide insights into possible molecular mechanisms of B. pumilus SAFR-032 to adapt to and resist extreme extraterrestrial environments. IMPORTANCE Spore-forming bacteria are well known for their resistance to harsh environments and are of concern for spreading contamination to extraterrestrial bodies during future life detection missions. Bacillus pumilus has been regularly isolated from spacecraft-associated surfaces and exhibited unusual resistance to ultraviolet light and other sterilization techniques. A better understanding of the mechanisms of microbial survival and enhanced resistance is essential for developing novel disinfection protocols for the purpose of planetary protection. While genomic analyses did not reveal the unique characteristics that explain elevated UV resistance of space-exposed B. pumilus, the proteomics study presented here provided intriguing insight on key metabolic changes. The observed proteomics aberrations reveal a complex biological phenomenon that plays a role in bacterial survival and adaptation under long-term exposure to outer space. This adaptive ability of microorganisms needs to be considered by those tasked with eliminating forward contamination.
format	article
author	Abby J. Chiang Ganesh Babu Malli Mohan Nitin K. Singh Parag A. Vaishampayan Markus Kalkum Kasthuri Venkateswaran
author_facet	Abby J. Chiang Ganesh Babu Malli Mohan Nitin K. Singh Parag A. Vaishampayan Markus Kalkum Kasthuri Venkateswaran
author_sort	Abby J. Chiang
title	Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space
title_short	Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space
title_full	Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space
title_fullStr	Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space
title_full_unstemmed	Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space
title_sort	alteration of proteomes in first-generation cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">bacillus pumilus</named-content> spores exposed to outer space
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/57e33772030f4ba284fdea2cc3b85e0f
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Alteration of Proteomes in First-Generation Cultures of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Bacillus pumilus</named-content> Spores Exposed to Outer Space

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