Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?

Social species form organizations that support individuals because the consequent social behaviors help these organisms survive. The isolation of these individuals may be a stressor. We reviewed the potential mechanisms of the effects of social isolation on cholinergic signaling and vice versa how c...

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Autor principal:	Jaromir Myslivecek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	social stress social isolation nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptors cholinergic signaling interactome Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57e3cde087914f93ad036e324672d0f2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57e3cde087914f93ad036e324672d0f22021-12-01T20:38:40ZSocial Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?1663-981210.3389/fphar.2021.716460https://doaj.org/article/57e3cde087914f93ad036e324672d0f22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.716460/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812Social species form organizations that support individuals because the consequent social behaviors help these organisms survive. The isolation of these individuals may be a stressor. We reviewed the potential mechanisms of the effects of social isolation on cholinergic signaling and vice versa how changes in cholinergic signaling affect changes due to social isolation.There are two important problems regarding this topic. First, isolation schemes differ in their duration (1–165 days) and initiation (immediately after birth to adulthood). Second, there is an important problem that is generally not considered when studying the role of the cholinergic system in neurobehavioral correlates: muscarinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes do not differ sufficiently in their affinity for orthosteric site agonists and antagonists. Some potential cholinesterase inhibitors also affect other targets, such as receptors or other neurotransmitter systems. Therefore, the role of the cholinergic system in social isolation should be carefully considered, and multiple receptor systems may be involved in the central nervous system response, although some subtypes are involved in specific functions. To determine the role of a specific receptor subtype, the presence of a specific subtype in the central nervous system should be determined using search in knockout studies with the careful application of specific agonists/antagonists.Jaromir MyslivecekFrontiers Media S.A.articlesocial stresssocial isolationnicotinic receptorsmuscarinic receptorscholinergic signalinginteractomeTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENFrontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	social stress social isolation nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptors cholinergic signaling interactome Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	social stress social isolation nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptors cholinergic signaling interactome Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Jaromir Myslivecek Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?
description	Social species form organizations that support individuals because the consequent social behaviors help these organisms survive. The isolation of these individuals may be a stressor. We reviewed the potential mechanisms of the effects of social isolation on cholinergic signaling and vice versa how changes in cholinergic signaling affect changes due to social isolation.There are two important problems regarding this topic. First, isolation schemes differ in their duration (1–165 days) and initiation (immediately after birth to adulthood). Second, there is an important problem that is generally not considered when studying the role of the cholinergic system in neurobehavioral correlates: muscarinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes do not differ sufficiently in their affinity for orthosteric site agonists and antagonists. Some potential cholinesterase inhibitors also affect other targets, such as receptors or other neurotransmitter systems. Therefore, the role of the cholinergic system in social isolation should be carefully considered, and multiple receptor systems may be involved in the central nervous system response, although some subtypes are involved in specific functions. To determine the role of a specific receptor subtype, the presence of a specific subtype in the central nervous system should be determined using search in knockout studies with the careful application of specific agonists/antagonists.
format	article
author	Jaromir Myslivecek
author_facet	Jaromir Myslivecek
author_sort	Jaromir Myslivecek
title	Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?
title_short	Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?
title_full	Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?
title_fullStr	Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?
title_full_unstemmed	Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?
title_sort	social isolation: how can the effects on the cholinergic system be isolated?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/57e3cde087914f93ad036e324672d0f2
work_keys_str_mv	AT jaromirmyslivecek socialisolationhowcantheeffectsonthecholinergicsystembeisolated
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Social Isolation: How Can the Effects on the Cholinergic System Be Isolated?

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