Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time

Monarch butterfly wing morphology varies substantially throughout their global range, both between resident and migratory populations and also within the migratory North American population. Here, we use a dataset comprising more than 1800 North American individuals collected between 1878-2017 to ch...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Freedman Micah G., Dingle Hugh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2018
Materias:	monarch butterfly migration morphology evolution museum collections Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/57e4221c4f864cb2b0c093fdf8d45ca2
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:57e4221c4f864cb2b0c093fdf8d45ca2
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:57e4221c4f864cb2b0c093fdf8d45ca22021-12-02T17:31:50ZWing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time2084-883810.1515/ami-2018-0003https://doaj.org/article/57e4221c4f864cb2b0c093fdf8d45ca22018-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/ami-2018-0003https://doaj.org/toc/2084-8838Monarch butterfly wing morphology varies substantially throughout their global range, both between resident and migratory populations and also within the migratory North American population. Here, we use a dataset comprising more than 1800 North American individuals collected between 1878-2017 to characterize the factors shaping continent-wide patterns of wing morphological variation. North American overwintering butterflies have forewings that are approximately 4.4% larger than those collected in summer breeding areas. Monarchs overwintering in Mexico have forewings that are approximately 1.8% larger than monarchs overwintering in California, conducive to the idea that migration distance is positively correlated with wing area. We find evidence for a latitudinal cline within North America, such that butterflies collected at higher latitudes have significantly larger and more elongated forewings. We also find a significant increase of approximately 4.9% in forewing area between 1878-2017, but no difference through time in wing elongation. This result is corroborated by a reanalysis of a recently published dataset of more than 600 butterflies from Mexican overwintering sites. We discuss possible reasons for this increase in wing size through time, including northward shifts in the monarch’s breeding range and changes in relative abundance of milkweed hosts, and present experimental data addressing the influence of larval host plant on adult wing morphology. Our analysis suggests that (1) migration is indeed an important selective force for monarch wing morphology; (2) wing size has increased through time in North America; (3) factors such as host plant identity must be considered to fully understand monarch wing morphological variation.Freedman Micah G.Dingle HughDe Gruyterarticlemonarch butterflymigrationmorphologyevolutionmuseum collectionsBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENAnimal Migration, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 61-73 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	monarch butterfly migration morphology evolution museum collections Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	monarch butterfly migration morphology evolution museum collections Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Freedman Micah G. Dingle Hugh Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time
description	Monarch butterfly wing morphology varies substantially throughout their global range, both between resident and migratory populations and also within the migratory North American population. Here, we use a dataset comprising more than 1800 North American individuals collected between 1878-2017 to characterize the factors shaping continent-wide patterns of wing morphological variation. North American overwintering butterflies have forewings that are approximately 4.4% larger than those collected in summer breeding areas. Monarchs overwintering in Mexico have forewings that are approximately 1.8% larger than monarchs overwintering in California, conducive to the idea that migration distance is positively correlated with wing area. We find evidence for a latitudinal cline within North America, such that butterflies collected at higher latitudes have significantly larger and more elongated forewings. We also find a significant increase of approximately 4.9% in forewing area between 1878-2017, but no difference through time in wing elongation. This result is corroborated by a reanalysis of a recently published dataset of more than 600 butterflies from Mexican overwintering sites. We discuss possible reasons for this increase in wing size through time, including northward shifts in the monarch’s breeding range and changes in relative abundance of milkweed hosts, and present experimental data addressing the influence of larval host plant on adult wing morphology. Our analysis suggests that (1) migration is indeed an important selective force for monarch wing morphology; (2) wing size has increased through time in North America; (3) factors such as host plant identity must be considered to fully understand monarch wing morphological variation.
format	article
author	Freedman Micah G. Dingle Hugh
author_facet	Freedman Micah G. Dingle Hugh
author_sort	Freedman Micah G.
title	Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time
title_short	Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time
title_full	Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time
title_fullStr	Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time
title_full_unstemmed	Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time
title_sort	wing morphology in migratory north american monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/57e4221c4f864cb2b0c093fdf8d45ca2
work_keys_str_mv	AT freedmanmicahg wingmorphologyinmigratorynorthamericanmonarchscharacterizingsourcesofvariationandunderstandingchangesthroughtime AT dinglehugh wingmorphologyinmigratorynorthamericanmonarchscharacterizingsourcesofvariationandunderstandingchangesthroughtime
_version_	1718380492585172992

Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time

Ejemplares similares