Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

Abstract Castor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on...

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Autores principales:	Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy, Amala Joseph Prabakaran, Thadakamalla Jayakrishna
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5800f4a690cb4331aedd5202cd24b65f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5800f4a690cb4331aedd5202cd24b65f2021-12-02T12:11:28ZProbing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)10.1038/s41598-021-81781-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5800f4a690cb4331aedd5202cd24b65f2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81781-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Castor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.Sujatha Thankeswaran ParvathyAmala Joseph PrabakaranThadakamalla JayakrishnaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy Amala Joseph Prabakaran Thadakamalla Jayakrishna Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
description	Abstract Castor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.
format	article
author	Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy Amala Joseph Prabakaran Thadakamalla Jayakrishna
author_facet	Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy Amala Joseph Prabakaran Thadakamalla Jayakrishna
author_sort	Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy
title	Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
title_short	Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
title_full	Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
title_fullStr	Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
title_full_unstemmed	Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)
title_sort	probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (ricinus communis l.)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5800f4a690cb4331aedd5202cd24b65f
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Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

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