Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal

Farmland in southern China is prone to flooding and waterlogging alternation after short-term heavy rainfall. Single drainage form cannot meet the requirements of the farmland flooding and waterlogging removal. Drainage measures and layout forms should be explored to alleviate flooding and waterlogg...

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Autores principales:	Xiaolei Ren, Shaoli Wang, Peiling Yang, Yuan Tao, Haorui Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	combined drainage flooding and waterlogging removal conventional subsurface drainage open-ditch drainage improved subsurface drainage Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/58077e218a9b4746b1973208bede720d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:58077e218a9b4746b1973208bede720d2021-11-11T19:52:57ZPerformance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal10.3390/w132129682073-4441https://doaj.org/article/58077e218a9b4746b1973208bede720d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/2968https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Farmland in southern China is prone to flooding and waterlogging alternation after short-term heavy rainfall. Single drainage form cannot meet the requirements of the farmland flooding and waterlogging removal. Drainage measures and layout forms should be explored to alleviate flooding and waterlogging threat and improve crop yield. So, based on an indoor sand tank experiment, this paper presents a combined drainage form: conventional subsurface drainage as an auxiliary drainage measure and is alternatively combined with open ditch (OD), filter drainage (FD), conventional (CD) and improved subsurface drainage (ID), respectively, under equal and unequal drain depth. The performance of different combined drainage forms and the effect of auxiliary drainage measures are discussed for stable ponding and receding water. During the experiment, two factors—drainage measure and drain depth—are considered. The results indicate that compared with the conventional subsurface drainage alone, the flow rates of the open-ditch, thin-improved, and thick-improved subsurface drainage combined with conventional subsurface drainage can be increased by 22.4–32.3%, 10.6–16.2%, and 29.8–32%, respectively, under equal drain depth in stable ponding water. Among the four combined drainage forms, the flow rate of shallow–deep combination is 8.1–17.1% higher than that of the shallow–shallow combination. Compared with a single drainage form, the flow rates of the combined drainage have the same change characteristics over time. Additionally, the use of auxiliary, conventional, subsurface drainage can improve the flooding and waterlogging removal efficiency in farmland. For the combined drainage forms, the contribution degree of the open-ditch and thin-improved subsurface drainage is 51.3–56.7%, while the thick-improved subsurface drainage is approximately 61.0%, under equal drain depth conditions in the flooding removal process. Moreover, open-ditch and thick-improved subsurface drainage combined with conventional subsurface drainage have significant advantages in flooding and waterlogging removal, which were 11.5–38.1% and 37.1–48.6% faster than conventional subsurface drainage in flooding removal time, 14.3–157.1% and 14.3–44.4% faster than conventional subsurface drainage in the waterlogging removal time. The synergistic application of shallow–deep and medium–medium combinations can be carried out by exploiting the advantages of each drainage measure. The experimental flow rate observation is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated value, with a relative error of less than 5%. These research findings could provide technical support for the increased application of combined drainage forms in areas prone to flooding and waterlogging.Xiaolei RenShaoli WangPeiling YangYuan TaoHaorui ChenMDPI AGarticlecombined drainageflooding and waterlogging removalconventional subsurface drainageopen-ditch drainageimproved subsurface drainageHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 2968, p 2968 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	combined drainage flooding and waterlogging removal conventional subsurface drainage open-ditch drainage improved subsurface drainage Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	combined drainage flooding and waterlogging removal conventional subsurface drainage open-ditch drainage improved subsurface drainage Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Xiaolei Ren Shaoli Wang Peiling Yang Yuan Tao Haorui Chen Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal
description	Farmland in southern China is prone to flooding and waterlogging alternation after short-term heavy rainfall. Single drainage form cannot meet the requirements of the farmland flooding and waterlogging removal. Drainage measures and layout forms should be explored to alleviate flooding and waterlogging threat and improve crop yield. So, based on an indoor sand tank experiment, this paper presents a combined drainage form: conventional subsurface drainage as an auxiliary drainage measure and is alternatively combined with open ditch (OD), filter drainage (FD), conventional (CD) and improved subsurface drainage (ID), respectively, under equal and unequal drain depth. The performance of different combined drainage forms and the effect of auxiliary drainage measures are discussed for stable ponding and receding water. During the experiment, two factors—drainage measure and drain depth—are considered. The results indicate that compared with the conventional subsurface drainage alone, the flow rates of the open-ditch, thin-improved, and thick-improved subsurface drainage combined with conventional subsurface drainage can be increased by 22.4–32.3%, 10.6–16.2%, and 29.8–32%, respectively, under equal drain depth in stable ponding water. Among the four combined drainage forms, the flow rate of shallow–deep combination is 8.1–17.1% higher than that of the shallow–shallow combination. Compared with a single drainage form, the flow rates of the combined drainage have the same change characteristics over time. Additionally, the use of auxiliary, conventional, subsurface drainage can improve the flooding and waterlogging removal efficiency in farmland. For the combined drainage forms, the contribution degree of the open-ditch and thin-improved subsurface drainage is 51.3–56.7%, while the thick-improved subsurface drainage is approximately 61.0%, under equal drain depth conditions in the flooding removal process. Moreover, open-ditch and thick-improved subsurface drainage combined with conventional subsurface drainage have significant advantages in flooding and waterlogging removal, which were 11.5–38.1% and 37.1–48.6% faster than conventional subsurface drainage in flooding removal time, 14.3–157.1% and 14.3–44.4% faster than conventional subsurface drainage in the waterlogging removal time. The synergistic application of shallow–deep and medium–medium combinations can be carried out by exploiting the advantages of each drainage measure. The experimental flow rate observation is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated value, with a relative error of less than 5%. These research findings could provide technical support for the increased application of combined drainage forms in areas prone to flooding and waterlogging.
format	article
author	Xiaolei Ren Shaoli Wang Peiling Yang Yuan Tao Haorui Chen
author_facet	Xiaolei Ren Shaoli Wang Peiling Yang Yuan Tao Haorui Chen
author_sort	Xiaolei Ren
title	Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal
title_short	Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal
title_full	Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal
title_fullStr	Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal
title_full_unstemmed	Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal
title_sort	performance evaluation of different combined drainage forms on flooding and waterlogging removal
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/58077e218a9b4746b1973208bede720d
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Performance Evaluation of Different Combined Drainage Forms on Flooding and Waterlogging Removal

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