Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells

Numerous examples of microbial phase-separated biomolecular condensates have now been identified following advances in fluorescence imaging and single molecule microscopy technologies. The structure, function, and potential applications of these microbial condensates are currently receiving a great...

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Autores principales:	Zixu Gao, Wenchang Zhang, Runlei Chang, Susu Zhang, Guiwen Yang, Guoyan Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	liquid-liquid phase separation biomolecular condensates membraneless organelles multivalent interactions crowded environments cellular noise Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/58207cdcd716435eac046975c1ed68a2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:58207cdcd716435eac046975c1ed68a22021-11-08T15:04:03ZLiquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.751880https://doaj.org/article/58207cdcd716435eac046975c1ed68a22021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.751880/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XNumerous examples of microbial phase-separated biomolecular condensates have now been identified following advances in fluorescence imaging and single molecule microscopy technologies. The structure, function, and potential applications of these microbial condensates are currently receiving a great deal of attention. By neatly compartmentalizing proteins and their interactors in membrane-less organizations while maintaining free communication between these macromolecules and the external environment, microbial cells are able to achieve enhanced metabolic efficiency. Typically, these condensates also possess the ability to rapidly adapt to internal and external changes. The biological functions of several phase-separated condensates in small bacterial cells show evolutionary convergence with the biological functions of their eukaryotic paralogs. Artificial microbial membrane-less organelles are being constructed with application prospects in biocatalysis, biosynthesis, and biomedicine. In this review, we provide an overview of currently known biomolecular condensates driven by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in microbial cells, and we elaborate on their biogenesis mechanisms and biological functions. Additionally, we highlight the major challenges and future research prospects in studying microbial LLPS.Zixu GaoWenchang ZhangRunlei ChangSusu ZhangGuiwen YangGuoyan ZhaoFrontiers Media S.A.articleliquid-liquid phase separationbiomolecular condensatesmembraneless organellesmultivalent interactionscrowded environmentscellular noiseMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	liquid-liquid phase separation biomolecular condensates membraneless organelles multivalent interactions crowded environments cellular noise Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	liquid-liquid phase separation biomolecular condensates membraneless organelles multivalent interactions crowded environments cellular noise Microbiology QR1-502 Zixu Gao Wenchang Zhang Runlei Chang Susu Zhang Guiwen Yang Guoyan Zhao Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells
description	Numerous examples of microbial phase-separated biomolecular condensates have now been identified following advances in fluorescence imaging and single molecule microscopy technologies. The structure, function, and potential applications of these microbial condensates are currently receiving a great deal of attention. By neatly compartmentalizing proteins and their interactors in membrane-less organizations while maintaining free communication between these macromolecules and the external environment, microbial cells are able to achieve enhanced metabolic efficiency. Typically, these condensates also possess the ability to rapidly adapt to internal and external changes. The biological functions of several phase-separated condensates in small bacterial cells show evolutionary convergence with the biological functions of their eukaryotic paralogs. Artificial microbial membrane-less organelles are being constructed with application prospects in biocatalysis, biosynthesis, and biomedicine. In this review, we provide an overview of currently known biomolecular condensates driven by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in microbial cells, and we elaborate on their biogenesis mechanisms and biological functions. Additionally, we highlight the major challenges and future research prospects in studying microbial LLPS.
format	article
author	Zixu Gao Wenchang Zhang Runlei Chang Susu Zhang Guiwen Yang Guoyan Zhao
author_facet	Zixu Gao Wenchang Zhang Runlei Chang Susu Zhang Guiwen Yang Guoyan Zhao
author_sort	Zixu Gao
title	Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells
title_short	Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells
title_full	Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells
title_fullStr	Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells
title_sort	liquid-liquid phase separation: unraveling the enigma of biomolecular condensates in microbial cells
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/58207cdcd716435eac046975c1ed68a2
work_keys_str_mv	AT zixugao liquidliquidphaseseparationunravelingtheenigmaofbiomolecularcondensatesinmicrobialcells AT wenchangzhang liquidliquidphaseseparationunravelingtheenigmaofbiomolecularcondensatesinmicrobialcells AT runleichang liquidliquidphaseseparationunravelingtheenigmaofbiomolecularcondensatesinmicrobialcells AT susuzhang liquidliquidphaseseparationunravelingtheenigmaofbiomolecularcondensatesinmicrobialcells AT guiwenyang liquidliquidphaseseparationunravelingtheenigmaofbiomolecularcondensatesinmicrobialcells AT guoyanzhao liquidliquidphaseseparationunravelingtheenigmaofbiomolecularcondensatesinmicrobialcells
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Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Unraveling the Enigma of Biomolecular Condensates in Microbial Cells

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