SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are increasingly used in agriculture to combat molds and fungi, two major threats to both food supply and public health. However, the essential requirement for the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex—the molecular target of SDHIs—in energy metabo...

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Autores principales:	Constantin Yanicostas, Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors SDHIs fungicide zebrafish bixafen boscalid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/58289aaba9c34a62b46678ca2a201087
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:58289aaba9c34a62b46678ca2a2010872021-11-25T17:55:49ZSDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?10.3390/ijms2222123621422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/58289aaba9c34a62b46678ca2a2010872021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12362https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are increasingly used in agriculture to combat molds and fungi, two major threats to both food supply and public health. However, the essential requirement for the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex—the molecular target of SDHIs—in energy metabolism for almost all extant eukaryotes and the lack of species specificity of these fungicides raise concerns about their toxicity toward off-target organisms and, more generally, toward the environment. Herein we review the current knowledge on the toxicity toward zebrafish (<i>Brachydanio rerio</i>) of nine commonly used SDHI fungicides: bixafen, boscalid, fluxapyroxad, flutolanil, isoflucypram, isopyrazam, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, and thifluzamide. The results indicate that these SDHIs cause multiple adverse effects in embryos, larvae/juveniles, and/or adults, sometimes at developmentally relevant concentrations. Adverse effects include developmental toxicity, cardiovascular abnormalities, liver and kidney damage, oxidative stress, energy deficits, changes in metabolism, microcephaly, axon growth defects, apoptosis, and transcriptome changes, suggesting that glycometabolism deficit, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are critical in the toxicity of most of these SDHIs. However, other adverse outcome pathways, possibly involving unsuspected molecular targets, are also suggested. Lastly, we note that because of their recent arrival on the market, the number of studies addressing the toxicity of these compounds is still scant, emphasizing the need to further investigate the toxicity of all SDHIs currently used and to identify their adverse effects and associated modes of action, both alone and in combination with other pesticides.Constantin YanicostasNadia Soussi-YanicostasMDPI AGarticlesuccinate dehydrogenase inhibitorsSDHIsfungicidezebrafishbixafenboscalidBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12362, p 12362 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors SDHIs fungicide zebrafish bixafen boscalid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors SDHIs fungicide zebrafish bixafen boscalid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Constantin Yanicostas Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?
description	Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are increasingly used in agriculture to combat molds and fungi, two major threats to both food supply and public health. However, the essential requirement for the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex—the molecular target of SDHIs—in energy metabolism for almost all extant eukaryotes and the lack of species specificity of these fungicides raise concerns about their toxicity toward off-target organisms and, more generally, toward the environment. Herein we review the current knowledge on the toxicity toward zebrafish (<i>Brachydanio rerio</i>) of nine commonly used SDHI fungicides: bixafen, boscalid, fluxapyroxad, flutolanil, isoflucypram, isopyrazam, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, and thifluzamide. The results indicate that these SDHIs cause multiple adverse effects in embryos, larvae/juveniles, and/or adults, sometimes at developmentally relevant concentrations. Adverse effects include developmental toxicity, cardiovascular abnormalities, liver and kidney damage, oxidative stress, energy deficits, changes in metabolism, microcephaly, axon growth defects, apoptosis, and transcriptome changes, suggesting that glycometabolism deficit, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are critical in the toxicity of most of these SDHIs. However, other adverse outcome pathways, possibly involving unsuspected molecular targets, are also suggested. Lastly, we note that because of their recent arrival on the market, the number of studies addressing the toxicity of these compounds is still scant, emphasizing the need to further investigate the toxicity of all SDHIs currently used and to identify their adverse effects and associated modes of action, both alone and in combination with other pesticides.
format	article
author	Constantin Yanicostas Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas
author_facet	Constantin Yanicostas Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas
author_sort	Constantin Yanicostas
title	SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?
title_short	SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?
title_full	SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?
title_fullStr	SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?
title_full_unstemmed	SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?
title_sort	sdhi fungicide toxicity and associated adverse outcome pathways: what can zebrafish tell us?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/58289aaba9c34a62b46678ca2a201087
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SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us?

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