Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites

Sourced from agricultural waste, hemp hurds are a low-cost renewable material with high stiffness; however, despite their potential to be used as low-cost filler in natural fiber reinforced polymer biocomposites, they are often discarded. In this study, the potential to add value to hemp hurds by in...

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Autores principales:	Sina Momeni, Muhammad Safder, Mohammad Abu Hasan Khondoker, Anastasia Leila Elias
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hemp hurd powder alkaline treatment alkaline/peroxide treatment filler-matrix interaction Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5831e374ad544bcc8212ba0ee74f7629
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5831e374ad544bcc8212ba0ee74f76292021-11-11T18:47:24ZValorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites10.3390/polym132137862073-4360https://doaj.org/article/5831e374ad544bcc8212ba0ee74f76292021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/21/3786https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360Sourced from agricultural waste, hemp hurds are a low-cost renewable material with high stiffness; however, despite their potential to be used as low-cost filler in natural fiber reinforced polymer biocomposites, they are often discarded. In this study, the potential to add value to hemp hurds by incorporating them into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biopolymer to form bio-based materials for packaging applications is investigated. However, as with many plant fibers, the inherent hydrophilicity of hemp hurds leads to inferior filler-matrix interfacial interactions, compromising the mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposites. In this study, two chemical treatments, alkaline (NaOH) and alkaline/peroxide (NaOH/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) were employed to treat hemp hurds to improve their miscibility with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for the formation of biocomposites. The effects of reinforcement content (5, 10, and 15 wt. %), chemical treatments (purely alkaline vs. alkaline/peroxide) and treatment cycles (1 and 3 cycles) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites were investigated. The biocomposites of treated hemp hurd powder exhibited enhanced thermal stability in the temperature range commonly used to process PLA (130–180 °C). The biocomposites containing 15 wt. % hemp hurd powder prepared using a single-cycle alkaline/peroxide treatment (PLA/15APHH1) exhibited a Young’s modulus of 2674 MPa, which is 70% higher than that of neat PLA and 9.3% higher than that of biocomposites comprised of PLA containing the same wt. % of untreated hemp hurd powder (PLA/15UHH). Furthermore, the tensile strength of the PLA/15APHH1 biocomposite was found to be 62.6 MPa, which was 6.5% lower than that of neat PLA and 23% higher than that of the PLA/15UHH sample. The results suggest that the fabricated PLA/hemp hurd powder biocomposites have great potential to be utilized in green and sustainable packaging applications.Sina MomeniMuhammad SafderMohammad Abu Hasan KhondokerAnastasia Leila EliasMDPI AGarticlehemp hurd powderalkaline treatmentalkaline/peroxide treatmentfiller-matrix interactionOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3786, p 3786 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hemp hurd powder alkaline treatment alkaline/peroxide treatment filler-matrix interaction Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	hemp hurd powder alkaline treatment alkaline/peroxide treatment filler-matrix interaction Organic chemistry QD241-441 Sina Momeni Muhammad Safder Mohammad Abu Hasan Khondoker Anastasia Leila Elias Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites
description	Sourced from agricultural waste, hemp hurds are a low-cost renewable material with high stiffness; however, despite their potential to be used as low-cost filler in natural fiber reinforced polymer biocomposites, they are often discarded. In this study, the potential to add value to hemp hurds by incorporating them into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biopolymer to form bio-based materials for packaging applications is investigated. However, as with many plant fibers, the inherent hydrophilicity of hemp hurds leads to inferior filler-matrix interfacial interactions, compromising the mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposites. In this study, two chemical treatments, alkaline (NaOH) and alkaline/peroxide (NaOH/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) were employed to treat hemp hurds to improve their miscibility with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for the formation of biocomposites. The effects of reinforcement content (5, 10, and 15 wt. %), chemical treatments (purely alkaline vs. alkaline/peroxide) and treatment cycles (1 and 3 cycles) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites were investigated. The biocomposites of treated hemp hurd powder exhibited enhanced thermal stability in the temperature range commonly used to process PLA (130–180 °C). The biocomposites containing 15 wt. % hemp hurd powder prepared using a single-cycle alkaline/peroxide treatment (PLA/15APHH1) exhibited a Young’s modulus of 2674 MPa, which is 70% higher than that of neat PLA and 9.3% higher than that of biocomposites comprised of PLA containing the same wt. % of untreated hemp hurd powder (PLA/15UHH). Furthermore, the tensile strength of the PLA/15APHH1 biocomposite was found to be 62.6 MPa, which was 6.5% lower than that of neat PLA and 23% higher than that of the PLA/15UHH sample. The results suggest that the fabricated PLA/hemp hurd powder biocomposites have great potential to be utilized in green and sustainable packaging applications.
format	article
author	Sina Momeni Muhammad Safder Mohammad Abu Hasan Khondoker Anastasia Leila Elias
author_facet	Sina Momeni Muhammad Safder Mohammad Abu Hasan Khondoker Anastasia Leila Elias
author_sort	Sina Momeni
title	Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites
title_short	Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites
title_full	Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites
title_fullStr	Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites
title_full_unstemmed	Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites
title_sort	valorization of hemp hurds as bio-sourced additives in pla-based biocomposites
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5831e374ad544bcc8212ba0ee74f7629
work_keys_str_mv	AT sinamomeni valorizationofhemphurdsasbiosourcedadditivesinplabasedbiocomposites AT muhammadsafder valorizationofhemphurdsasbiosourcedadditivesinplabasedbiocomposites AT mohammadabuhasankhondoker valorizationofhemphurdsasbiosourcedadditivesinplabasedbiocomposites AT anastasialeilaelias valorizationofhemphurdsasbiosourcedadditivesinplabasedbiocomposites
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Valorization of Hemp Hurds as Bio-Sourced Additives in PLA-Based Biocomposites

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