Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review

Background: Few studies have reported the use of toothbrushes as a reliable source of DNA for human or gender identification. The present systematic review with the available information was conducted to answer the focus question “Is a toothbrush a reliable source of DNA for human or gender identifi...

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Autores principales:	Govindarajan Sujatha, Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya, Alok Dubey, Sheetal Mujoo, Ayman M. Sulimany, Ali Mohammed Omar Tawhari, Lujain Khalawi Mokli, Arwa Jaber Mohana, Saranya Varadarajan, Thodur Madapusi Balaji, A. Thirumal Raj, Shankargouda Patil
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	DNA forensic odontology gender identification human identification toothbrush Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/583668db14874591add8c740e82be6ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:583668db14874591add8c740e82be6ae2021-11-11T16:19:58ZToothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review10.3390/ijerph1821111821660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/583668db14874591add8c740e82be6ae2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11182https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Background: Few studies have reported the use of toothbrushes as a reliable source of DNA for human or gender identification. The present systematic review with the available information was conducted to answer the focus question “Is a toothbrush a reliable source of DNA for human or gender identification?”. Methods: The keyword combination “Toothbrush” and “DNA” was used to search databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science along with a manual search of reference lists of relevant articles. Duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded, and the remaining articles were fully read for the final selection of articles. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool). Results: Of the 130 articles obtained, 122 duplicates or irrelevant articles were eliminated. Following the full-text reading of eight articles, five articles were selected based on eligibility criteria. The five studies reported that a toothbrush is a good source of DNA irrespective of the time interval. In a few studies some samples were not sufficient for complete DNA profiling due to factors such as the method of DNA extraction. Conclusion: Although a toothbrush is an excellent source of DNA for human and gender identification, future studies with a larger sample size, appropriate control group, and standardized technique of DNA extraction need to be conducted. Additionally, factors influencing the quantity and quality of DNA in toothbrushes need to be determined with standardized techniques.Govindarajan SujathaVeeraraghavan Vishnu PriyaAlok DubeySheetal MujooAyman M. SulimanyAli Mohammed Omar TawhariLujain Khalawi MokliArwa Jaber MohanaSaranya VaradarajanThodur Madapusi BalajiA. Thirumal RajShankargouda PatilMDPI AGarticleDNAforensic odontologygender identificationhuman identificationtoothbrushMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11182, p 11182 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	DNA forensic odontology gender identification human identification toothbrush Medicine R
spellingShingle	DNA forensic odontology gender identification human identification toothbrush Medicine R Govindarajan Sujatha Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya Alok Dubey Sheetal Mujoo Ayman M. Sulimany Ali Mohammed Omar Tawhari Lujain Khalawi Mokli Arwa Jaber Mohana Saranya Varadarajan Thodur Madapusi Balaji A. Thirumal Raj Shankargouda Patil Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review
description	Background: Few studies have reported the use of toothbrushes as a reliable source of DNA for human or gender identification. The present systematic review with the available information was conducted to answer the focus question “Is a toothbrush a reliable source of DNA for human or gender identification?”. Methods: The keyword combination “Toothbrush” and “DNA” was used to search databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science along with a manual search of reference lists of relevant articles. Duplicates and irrelevant articles were excluded, and the remaining articles were fully read for the final selection of articles. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool). Results: Of the 130 articles obtained, 122 duplicates or irrelevant articles were eliminated. Following the full-text reading of eight articles, five articles were selected based on eligibility criteria. The five studies reported that a toothbrush is a good source of DNA irrespective of the time interval. In a few studies some samples were not sufficient for complete DNA profiling due to factors such as the method of DNA extraction. Conclusion: Although a toothbrush is an excellent source of DNA for human and gender identification, future studies with a larger sample size, appropriate control group, and standardized technique of DNA extraction need to be conducted. Additionally, factors influencing the quantity and quality of DNA in toothbrushes need to be determined with standardized techniques.
format	article
author	Govindarajan Sujatha Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya Alok Dubey Sheetal Mujoo Ayman M. Sulimany Ali Mohammed Omar Tawhari Lujain Khalawi Mokli Arwa Jaber Mohana Saranya Varadarajan Thodur Madapusi Balaji A. Thirumal Raj Shankargouda Patil
author_facet	Govindarajan Sujatha Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya Alok Dubey Sheetal Mujoo Ayman M. Sulimany Ali Mohammed Omar Tawhari Lujain Khalawi Mokli Arwa Jaber Mohana Saranya Varadarajan Thodur Madapusi Balaji A. Thirumal Raj Shankargouda Patil
author_sort	Govindarajan Sujatha
title	Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review
title_short	Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review
title_full	Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review
title_fullStr	Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed	Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review
title_sort	toothbrushes as a source of dna for gender and human identification—a systematic review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/583668db14874591add8c740e82be6ae
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Toothbrushes as a Source of DNA for Gender and Human Identification—A Systematic Review

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