Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19

Abstract While awaiting the COVID-19 vaccines, researchers have been actively exploring the effectiveness of existing vaccines against the new virus, among which the BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) receives the most attention. While many reports suggest a potential role for BCG immunization i...

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Autores principales:	Wei Fu, Pei-Chuan Ho, Chia-Lun Liu, Kai-Teh Tzeng, Nawar Nayeem, Jonni S. Moore, Li-San Wang, Shin-Yi Chou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5841a16cb8a64137a7b9a7f20468f405
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5841a16cb8a64137a7b9a7f20468f4052021-12-02T15:51:12ZReconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-1910.1038/s41598-021-87731-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5841a16cb8a64137a7b9a7f20468f4052021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87731-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract While awaiting the COVID-19 vaccines, researchers have been actively exploring the effectiveness of existing vaccines against the new virus, among which the BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) receives the most attention. While many reports suggest a potential role for BCG immunization in ameliorating SARS-CoV-2 infection, these findings remain controversial. With country-level COVID-19 outbreak data from Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center, and BCG program data from World Atlas of BCG Policies and Practices and WHO/UNICE, we estimated a dynamic model to investigate the effect of BCG vaccination across time during the pandemic. Our results reconcile these varying reports regarding protection by BCG against COVID-19 in a variety of clinical scenarios and model specifications. We observe a notable protective effect of the BCG vaccine during the early stage of the pandemic. However, we do not see any strong evidence for protection during the later stages. We also see that a higher proportion of vaccinated young population may confer some level of communal protection against the virus in the early pandemic period, even when the proportion of vaccination in the older population is low. Our results highlight that while BCG may offer some protection against COVID-19, we should be cautious in interpreting the estimated effectiveness as it may vary over time and depend on the age structure of the vaccinated population.Wei FuPei-Chuan HoChia-Lun LiuKai-Teh TzengNawar NayeemJonni S. MooreLi-San WangShin-Yi ChouNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Wei Fu Pei-Chuan Ho Chia-Lun Liu Kai-Teh Tzeng Nawar Nayeem Jonni S. Moore Li-San Wang Shin-Yi Chou Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19
description	Abstract While awaiting the COVID-19 vaccines, researchers have been actively exploring the effectiveness of existing vaccines against the new virus, among which the BCG vaccine (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) receives the most attention. While many reports suggest a potential role for BCG immunization in ameliorating SARS-CoV-2 infection, these findings remain controversial. With country-level COVID-19 outbreak data from Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center, and BCG program data from World Atlas of BCG Policies and Practices and WHO/UNICE, we estimated a dynamic model to investigate the effect of BCG vaccination across time during the pandemic. Our results reconcile these varying reports regarding protection by BCG against COVID-19 in a variety of clinical scenarios and model specifications. We observe a notable protective effect of the BCG vaccine during the early stage of the pandemic. However, we do not see any strong evidence for protection during the later stages. We also see that a higher proportion of vaccinated young population may confer some level of communal protection against the virus in the early pandemic period, even when the proportion of vaccination in the older population is low. Our results highlight that while BCG may offer some protection against COVID-19, we should be cautious in interpreting the estimated effectiveness as it may vary over time and depend on the age structure of the vaccinated population.
format	article
author	Wei Fu Pei-Chuan Ho Chia-Lun Liu Kai-Teh Tzeng Nawar Nayeem Jonni S. Moore Li-San Wang Shin-Yi Chou
author_facet	Wei Fu Pei-Chuan Ho Chia-Lun Liu Kai-Teh Tzeng Nawar Nayeem Jonni S. Moore Li-San Wang Shin-Yi Chou
author_sort	Wei Fu
title	Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19
title_short	Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19
title_full	Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19
title_fullStr	Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed	Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19
title_sort	reconcile the debate over protective effects of bcg vaccine against covid-19
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5841a16cb8a64137a7b9a7f20468f405
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Reconcile the debate over protective effects of BCG vaccine against COVID-19

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