Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP

Abstract Analyses of landscape change patterns that are based on elevation and slope can not only provide reasonable interpretations of landscape patterns but can also help to reveal evolutionary laws. However, landscape change patterns and their model in different landforms of the typical watershed...

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Autores principales:	Ruikang Li, Yangbing Li, Bo Li, Dianji Fu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/58695f7549bb49e293c905b2c13ac979
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:58695f7549bb49e293c905b2c13ac979
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:58695f7549bb49e293c905b2c13ac9792021-12-02T17:39:19ZLandscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP10.1038/s41598-021-87732-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/58695f7549bb49e293c905b2c13ac9792021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87732-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Analyses of landscape change patterns that are based on elevation and slope can not only provide reasonable interpretations of landscape patterns but can also help to reveal evolutionary laws. However, landscape change patterns and their model in different landforms of the typical watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) has not been quantified and assessed effectively. As a complex geographical unit, the ecological environment in the middle reach of the Yangtze River has experienced great changes due to the construction of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and its associated human activities. Here, based mainly on a digital elevation model (DEM) and remotely sensed images from 1986, 2000, 2010, and 2017 and by using GIS technology, speeds/ trends of landscape change, the index of landscape type change intensity, landscape pattern indices, and landscape ecological security index, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of different elevations, slopes, and buffer landscape types were analyzed in typical watersheds, as well as an evolutionary model of the landscape pattern. The results indicated that (1) the landscape types along with the land classification and buffer zone that were influenced by the TGR construction have undergone a phased change, with the period 2000–2010 being the most dramatic period of landscape evolution during the impoundment period; (2) landscape type shifts from human-dominated farmland to nature-driven forestland and shrub-land as elevations, slopes and buffer distances increased. The landscape has shifted from diversity to relative homogeneity; (3) land types and buffer zones played essential roles in the landscape pattern index, which is reflected in the differences in landscape type indices for spatial extension and temporal characteristics. The results of this paper illustrate the spatial–temporal characteristics of various landscape types at three distinct stages in the construction of the TGR. These findings indicate that the landscape ecological security of the watershed is improving year by year. The follow-up development of the TGRA needs to consider the landscape change patterns of different landforms.Ruikang LiYangbing LiBo LiDianji FuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ruikang Li Yangbing Li Bo Li Dianji Fu Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP
description	Abstract Analyses of landscape change patterns that are based on elevation and slope can not only provide reasonable interpretations of landscape patterns but can also help to reveal evolutionary laws. However, landscape change patterns and their model in different landforms of the typical watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) has not been quantified and assessed effectively. As a complex geographical unit, the ecological environment in the middle reach of the Yangtze River has experienced great changes due to the construction of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) and its associated human activities. Here, based mainly on a digital elevation model (DEM) and remotely sensed images from 1986, 2000, 2010, and 2017 and by using GIS technology, speeds/ trends of landscape change, the index of landscape type change intensity, landscape pattern indices, and landscape ecological security index, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of different elevations, slopes, and buffer landscape types were analyzed in typical watersheds, as well as an evolutionary model of the landscape pattern. The results indicated that (1) the landscape types along with the land classification and buffer zone that were influenced by the TGR construction have undergone a phased change, with the period 2000–2010 being the most dramatic period of landscape evolution during the impoundment period; (2) landscape type shifts from human-dominated farmland to nature-driven forestland and shrub-land as elevations, slopes and buffer distances increased. The landscape has shifted from diversity to relative homogeneity; (3) land types and buffer zones played essential roles in the landscape pattern index, which is reflected in the differences in landscape type indices for spatial extension and temporal characteristics. The results of this paper illustrate the spatial–temporal characteristics of various landscape types at three distinct stages in the construction of the TGR. These findings indicate that the landscape ecological security of the watershed is improving year by year. The follow-up development of the TGRA needs to consider the landscape change patterns of different landforms.
format	article
author	Ruikang Li Yangbing Li Bo Li Dianji Fu
author_facet	Ruikang Li Yangbing Li Bo Li Dianji Fu
author_sort	Ruikang Li
title	Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP
title_short	Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP
title_full	Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP
title_fullStr	Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP
title_full_unstemmed	Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP
title_sort	landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the tgp
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/58695f7549bb49e293c905b2c13ac979
work_keys_str_mv	AT ruikangli landscapechangepatternsatthreestagesoftheconstructionandoperationofthetgp AT yangbingli landscapechangepatternsatthreestagesoftheconstructionandoperationofthetgp AT boli landscapechangepatternsatthreestagesoftheconstructionandoperationofthetgp AT dianjifu landscapechangepatternsatthreestagesoftheconstructionandoperationofthetgp
_version_	1718379821853048832

Landscape change patterns at three stages of the construction and operation of the TGP

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