Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty

Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) after corneal transplantation leads to refractory glaucoma and permanent loss of vision. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AqH) and the progression of PAS after...

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Autores principales:	Yuki Kusano, Takefumi Yamaguchi, Sota Nishisako, Takehiro Matsumura, Masaki Fukui, Kazunari Higa, Toshihiro Inoue, Jun Shimazaki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	aqueous humor corneal transplantation cytokine glaucoma intraocular pressure penetrating keratoplasty Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/586a131eb31e4abc9afbda78282a56d8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:586a131eb31e4abc9afbda78282a56d82021-11-25T17:54:52ZElevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty10.3390/ijms2222122681422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/586a131eb31e4abc9afbda78282a56d82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12268https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) after corneal transplantation leads to refractory glaucoma and permanent loss of vision. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AqH) and the progression of PAS after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). We measured 20 cytokine levels in AqH and assessed the correlation with PAS progression after PKP in 85 consecutive patients who underwent PKP. We also evaluated age-dependent alterations in PAS and cytokine levels in DBA2J mice. PAS developed in 38 (44.7%) of 85 eyes after PKP. The incidence of intraocular pressure increase after PKP was significantly greater in eyes with PAS (26.3%) than in those without PAS (2%, <i>p</i> = 0.0009). The PAS area at 12 months after PKP was significantly positively correlated with the preoperative levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.049). In the DBA2J mice, an experimental glaucoma model that developed PAS at 50 weeks, the AqH levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) significantly increased at 50 weeks compared to 8 weeks (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.021). In conclusion, inflammatory alterations in the AqH microenvironment, such as high preoperative specific cytokine levels, can lead to PAS formation and glaucoma.Yuki KusanoTakefumi YamaguchiSota NishisakoTakehiro MatsumuraMasaki FukuiKazunari HigaToshihiro InoueJun ShimazakiMDPI AGarticleaqueous humorcorneal transplantationcytokineglaucomaintraocular pressurepenetrating keratoplastyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12268, p 12268 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aqueous humor corneal transplantation cytokine glaucoma intraocular pressure penetrating keratoplasty Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	aqueous humor corneal transplantation cytokine glaucoma intraocular pressure penetrating keratoplasty Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Yuki Kusano Takefumi Yamaguchi Sota Nishisako Takehiro Matsumura Masaki Fukui Kazunari Higa Toshihiro Inoue Jun Shimazaki Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty
description	Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) after corneal transplantation leads to refractory glaucoma and permanent loss of vision. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cytokine levels in the aqueous humor (AqH) and the progression of PAS after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). We measured 20 cytokine levels in AqH and assessed the correlation with PAS progression after PKP in 85 consecutive patients who underwent PKP. We also evaluated age-dependent alterations in PAS and cytokine levels in DBA2J mice. PAS developed in 38 (44.7%) of 85 eyes after PKP. The incidence of intraocular pressure increase after PKP was significantly greater in eyes with PAS (26.3%) than in those without PAS (2%, <i>p</i> = 0.0009). The PAS area at 12 months after PKP was significantly positively correlated with the preoperative levels of interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.049). In the DBA2J mice, an experimental glaucoma model that developed PAS at 50 weeks, the AqH levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) significantly increased at 50 weeks compared to 8 weeks (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.021). In conclusion, inflammatory alterations in the AqH microenvironment, such as high preoperative specific cytokine levels, can lead to PAS formation and glaucoma.
format	article
author	Yuki Kusano Takefumi Yamaguchi Sota Nishisako Takehiro Matsumura Masaki Fukui Kazunari Higa Toshihiro Inoue Jun Shimazaki
author_facet	Yuki Kusano Takefumi Yamaguchi Sota Nishisako Takehiro Matsumura Masaki Fukui Kazunari Higa Toshihiro Inoue Jun Shimazaki
author_sort	Yuki Kusano
title	Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty
title_short	Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty
title_full	Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty
title_fullStr	Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty
title_full_unstemmed	Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty
title_sort	elevated cytokine levels in aqueous humor are associated with peripheral anterior synechiae after penetrating keratoplasty
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/586a131eb31e4abc9afbda78282a56d8
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_version_	1718411861261549568

Elevated Cytokine Levels in Aqueous Humor Are Associated with Peripheral Anterior Synechiae after Penetrating Keratoplasty

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