Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles

The present study aims to assess the induced nanotoxicity of arsenic nanoparticles (AsNPs) on different organs of fresh water fish Labeo rohita. AsNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method using sodium arsenite as precursor, ice-cold sodium borohydride as reducing agent, and sodium hydroxide...

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Autores principales:	Muhammad Akarm Raza, Zakia Kanwal, Ambreen Shahid, Shafaq Fatima, Amna Sajjad, Saira Riaz, Shahzad Naseem
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/588a4e95f7204f5b9226f3a98e82db3f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:588a4e95f7204f5b9226f3a98e82db3f2021-11-29T00:55:29ZToxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles1687-844210.1155/2021/5185425https://doaj.org/article/588a4e95f7204f5b9226f3a98e82db3f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5185425https://doaj.org/toc/1687-8442The present study aims to assess the induced nanotoxicity of arsenic nanoparticles (AsNPs) on different organs of fresh water fish Labeo rohita. AsNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method using sodium arsenite as precursor, ice-cold sodium borohydride as reducing agent, and sodium hydroxide to adjust the solution pH. The synthesized AsNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for optical, structural, and morphological investigations. The UV-Vis absorption peaks occurring at around 300 nm indicated the presence of AsNPs in colloidal sample. The rhombohedral crystalline nature and metallic purity of AsNPs with crystallite size of 30 ± 1 nm were confirmed by characteristic peaks of XRD pattern. The SEM micrograph revealed the almost spherical shape and 40 ± 10 nm average size prepared AsNPs. For assessment of induced nanotoxicity, juveniles of Labeo rohita (L. rohita) were exposed to three different concentrations of AsNPs (namely, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L) for 30 days (n = 15 per group), and the control fish was kept untreated. It was observed that the routine behavior activities (such as swimming, mutual interactions, and feed intake) were affected by AsNPs. The growth of AsNPs treated fish was found retarded as compared to the control fish. Total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were low in the AsNPs treated fish. Immunobiochemical assays revealed that protein level was altered in the AsNPs treated fish. The levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were low in the treated fish. The histological alteration induced by AsNPs in liver, gills, and kidneys demonstrated the damage in form of glomerulus shrinkage, vacuolation, inflammation, necrosis, lamellar disorganization, and hemorrhage in comparison with untreated fish. The results of the present study indicate that AsNPs exposure causes behavior, growth, hematology, immunobiochemical, and histological shortcomings in L. rohita.Muhammad Akarm RazaZakia KanwalAmbreen ShahidShafaq FatimaAmna SajjadSaira RiazShahzad NaseemHindawi LimitedarticleMaterials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materialsTA401-492ENAdvances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492
spellingShingle	Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials TA401-492 Muhammad Akarm Raza Zakia Kanwal Ambreen Shahid Shafaq Fatima Amna Sajjad Saira Riaz Shahzad Naseem Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles
description	The present study aims to assess the induced nanotoxicity of arsenic nanoparticles (AsNPs) on different organs of fresh water fish Labeo rohita. AsNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method using sodium arsenite as precursor, ice-cold sodium borohydride as reducing agent, and sodium hydroxide to adjust the solution pH. The synthesized AsNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for optical, structural, and morphological investigations. The UV-Vis absorption peaks occurring at around 300 nm indicated the presence of AsNPs in colloidal sample. The rhombohedral crystalline nature and metallic purity of AsNPs with crystallite size of 30 ± 1 nm were confirmed by characteristic peaks of XRD pattern. The SEM micrograph revealed the almost spherical shape and 40 ± 10 nm average size prepared AsNPs. For assessment of induced nanotoxicity, juveniles of Labeo rohita (L. rohita) were exposed to three different concentrations of AsNPs (namely, 1, 10, and 20 mg/L) for 30 days (n = 15 per group), and the control fish was kept untreated. It was observed that the routine behavior activities (such as swimming, mutual interactions, and feed intake) were affected by AsNPs. The growth of AsNPs treated fish was found retarded as compared to the control fish. Total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were low in the AsNPs treated fish. Immunobiochemical assays revealed that protein level was altered in the AsNPs treated fish. The levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were low in the treated fish. The histological alteration induced by AsNPs in liver, gills, and kidneys demonstrated the damage in form of glomerulus shrinkage, vacuolation, inflammation, necrosis, lamellar disorganization, and hemorrhage in comparison with untreated fish. The results of the present study indicate that AsNPs exposure causes behavior, growth, hematology, immunobiochemical, and histological shortcomings in L. rohita.
format	article
author	Muhammad Akarm Raza Zakia Kanwal Ambreen Shahid Shafaq Fatima Amna Sajjad Saira Riaz Shahzad Naseem
author_facet	Muhammad Akarm Raza Zakia Kanwal Ambreen Shahid Shafaq Fatima Amna Sajjad Saira Riaz Shahzad Naseem
author_sort	Muhammad Akarm Raza
title	Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles
title_short	Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles
title_full	Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles
title_fullStr	Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles
title_full_unstemmed	Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles
title_sort	toxicity evaluation of arsenic nanoparticles on growth, biochemical, hematological, and physiological parameters of labeo rohita juveniles
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/588a4e95f7204f5b9226f3a98e82db3f
work_keys_str_mv	AT muhammadakarmraza toxicityevaluationofarsenicnanoparticlesongrowthbiochemicalhematologicalandphysiologicalparametersoflabeorohitajuveniles AT zakiakanwal toxicityevaluationofarsenicnanoparticlesongrowthbiochemicalhematologicalandphysiologicalparametersoflabeorohitajuveniles AT ambreenshahid toxicityevaluationofarsenicnanoparticlesongrowthbiochemicalhematologicalandphysiologicalparametersoflabeorohitajuveniles AT shafaqfatima toxicityevaluationofarsenicnanoparticlesongrowthbiochemicalhematologicalandphysiologicalparametersoflabeorohitajuveniles AT amnasajjad toxicityevaluationofarsenicnanoparticlesongrowthbiochemicalhematologicalandphysiologicalparametersoflabeorohitajuveniles AT sairariaz toxicityevaluationofarsenicnanoparticlesongrowthbiochemicalhematologicalandphysiologicalparametersoflabeorohitajuveniles AT shahzadnaseem toxicityevaluationofarsenicnanoparticlesongrowthbiochemicalhematologicalandphysiologicalparametersoflabeorohitajuveniles
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Toxicity Evaluation of Arsenic Nanoparticles on Growth, Biochemical, Hematological, and Physiological Parameters of Labeo rohita Juveniles

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