Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres

Abstract Correlative imaging provides a method of investigating complex systems by combining analytical (chemistry) and imaging (tomography) information across dimensions (2D-3D) and scales (centimetres-nanometres). We studied weathering processes in a modern cryptogamic ground cover from Iceland, c...

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Autores principales:	R. L. Mitchell, P. Davies, P. Kenrick, T. Volkenandt, C. Pleydell-Pearce, R. Johnston
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/58dcd0f667734fc48249485e688843a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:58dcd0f667734fc48249485e688843a12021-12-02T17:24:22ZCorrelative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres10.1038/s41598-021-92184-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/58dcd0f667734fc48249485e688843a12021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92184-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Correlative imaging provides a method of investigating complex systems by combining analytical (chemistry) and imaging (tomography) information across dimensions (2D-3D) and scales (centimetres-nanometres). We studied weathering processes in a modern cryptogamic ground cover from Iceland, containing early colonizing, and evolutionary ancient, communities of mosses, lichens, fungi, and bacteria. Targeted multi-scale X-ray Microscopy of a grain in-situ within a soil core revealed networks of surficial and internal features (tunnels) originating from organic-rich surface holes. Further targeted 2D grain characterisation by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), following an intermediate manual correlative preparation step, revealed Fe-rich nodules within the tunnels. Finally, nanotomographic imaging by focussed ion beam microscopy (FIB-SEM) revealed coccoid and filamentous-like structures within subsurface tunnels, as well as accumulations of Fe and S in grain surface crusts, which may represent a biological rock varnish/glaze. We attribute these features to biological processes. This work highlights the advantages and novelty of the correlative imaging approach, across scales, dimensions, and modes, to investigate biological weathering processes. Further, we demonstrate correlative microscopy as a means of identifying fingerprints of biological communities, which could be used in the geologic rock record and on extra-terrestrial bodies.R. L. MitchellP. DaviesP. KenrickT. VolkenandtC. Pleydell-PearceR. JohnstonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q R. L. Mitchell P. Davies P. Kenrick T. Volkenandt C. Pleydell-Pearce R. Johnston Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres
description	Abstract Correlative imaging provides a method of investigating complex systems by combining analytical (chemistry) and imaging (tomography) information across dimensions (2D-3D) and scales (centimetres-nanometres). We studied weathering processes in a modern cryptogamic ground cover from Iceland, containing early colonizing, and evolutionary ancient, communities of mosses, lichens, fungi, and bacteria. Targeted multi-scale X-ray Microscopy of a grain in-situ within a soil core revealed networks of surficial and internal features (tunnels) originating from organic-rich surface holes. Further targeted 2D grain characterisation by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), following an intermediate manual correlative preparation step, revealed Fe-rich nodules within the tunnels. Finally, nanotomographic imaging by focussed ion beam microscopy (FIB-SEM) revealed coccoid and filamentous-like structures within subsurface tunnels, as well as accumulations of Fe and S in grain surface crusts, which may represent a biological rock varnish/glaze. We attribute these features to biological processes. This work highlights the advantages and novelty of the correlative imaging approach, across scales, dimensions, and modes, to investigate biological weathering processes. Further, we demonstrate correlative microscopy as a means of identifying fingerprints of biological communities, which could be used in the geologic rock record and on extra-terrestrial bodies.
format	article
author	R. L. Mitchell P. Davies P. Kenrick T. Volkenandt C. Pleydell-Pearce R. Johnston
author_facet	R. L. Mitchell P. Davies P. Kenrick T. Volkenandt C. Pleydell-Pearce R. Johnston
author_sort	R. L. Mitchell
title	Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres
title_short	Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres
title_full	Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres
title_fullStr	Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres
title_full_unstemmed	Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres
title_sort	correlative microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/58dcd0f667734fc48249485e688843a1
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Correlative Microscopy: a tool for understanding soil weathering in modern analogues of early terrestrial biospheres

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