Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

Abstract Spot urine (SU) collection is a convenient method commonly used for sodium estimation, but its validity in predicting 24-h urinary sodium (24-hUNa) excretion has not been thoroughly evaluated among the general population. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the validity of e...

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Autores principales:	Xiaofu Du, Le Fang, Jing Guo, Xiangyu Chen, Shuoci Su, Jie Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/590a29ae6906472a8ed690a7449a75eb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:590a29ae6906472a8ed690a7449a75eb2021-11-21T12:20:01ZValidity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years10.1038/s41598-021-00513-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/590a29ae6906472a8ed690a7449a75eb2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00513-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Spot urine (SU) collection is a convenient method commonly used for sodium estimation, but its validity in predicting 24-h urinary sodium (24-hUNa) excretion has not been thoroughly evaluated among the general population. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the validity of eight existing methods in predicting 24-hUNa excretion by using SU samples among Chinese adults. We analyzed 1424 representative individuals aged 18 to 69 years. We compared the measured and estimated measurements of 24-hUNa at the population level by examining bias, the correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Bland–Altman plots and analyzed the relative and absolute differences and misclassification at the individual level. The bias for all methods was significant (all p < 0.001), among which the smallest bias was − 7.9 mmol for the Toft formula and the largest bias was − 53.8 mmol for the Mage formula. Correlation coefficients were all less than 0.380, all formulas exhibited an area under the ROC curve below 0.683, and the Bland–Altman plots indicated slightly high dispersion of the estimation biases at higher sodium levels regardless of the formula. The proportions of relative differences > 40% for the eight methods were all over one-third, the proportions of absolute differences > 51.3 mmol/24 h (3 g/day NaCl) were all over 40%, and the misclassification rates (7, 10, and 13 g/day NaCl as cutoff points) were all over 65%. Caution remains due to poor validity between estimated and actual measurements when using the eight formulas to obtain a plausible estimation for surveillance of the Chinese population sodium excretion, and the results do not support the application of SU to estimate sodium intake at the individual level due to its poor performance with respect to classification.Xiaofu DuLe FangJing GuoXiangyu ChenShuoci SuJie ZhangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiaofu Du Le Fang Jing Guo Xiangyu Chen Shuoci Su Jie Zhang Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
description	Abstract Spot urine (SU) collection is a convenient method commonly used for sodium estimation, but its validity in predicting 24-h urinary sodium (24-hUNa) excretion has not been thoroughly evaluated among the general population. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the validity of eight existing methods in predicting 24-hUNa excretion by using SU samples among Chinese adults. We analyzed 1424 representative individuals aged 18 to 69 years. We compared the measured and estimated measurements of 24-hUNa at the population level by examining bias, the correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Bland–Altman plots and analyzed the relative and absolute differences and misclassification at the individual level. The bias for all methods was significant (all p < 0.001), among which the smallest bias was − 7.9 mmol for the Toft formula and the largest bias was − 53.8 mmol for the Mage formula. Correlation coefficients were all less than 0.380, all formulas exhibited an area under the ROC curve below 0.683, and the Bland–Altman plots indicated slightly high dispersion of the estimation biases at higher sodium levels regardless of the formula. The proportions of relative differences > 40% for the eight methods were all over one-third, the proportions of absolute differences > 51.3 mmol/24 h (3 g/day NaCl) were all over 40%, and the misclassification rates (7, 10, and 13 g/day NaCl as cutoff points) were all over 65%. Caution remains due to poor validity between estimated and actual measurements when using the eight formulas to obtain a plausible estimation for surveillance of the Chinese population sodium excretion, and the results do not support the application of SU to estimate sodium intake at the individual level due to its poor performance with respect to classification.
format	article
author	Xiaofu Du Le Fang Jing Guo Xiangyu Chen Shuoci Su Jie Zhang
author_facet	Xiaofu Du Le Fang Jing Guo Xiangyu Chen Shuoci Su Jie Zhang
author_sort	Xiaofu Du
title	Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_short	Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_full	Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_fullStr	Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_full_unstemmed	Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years
title_sort	validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among chinese adults aged 18–69 years
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/590a29ae6906472a8ed690a7449a75eb
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Validity of predictive equations for 24-h urinary sodium excretion at the population and individual levels among Chinese adults aged 18–69 years

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