Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study

Ketut Suryana, 1 Hamong Suharsono, 2 I Gede Putu Jarwa Antara 1 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wangaya Hospital of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty of Udayana, University of Denpasar, Bali, IndonesiaCorespondence: Ketut Suryana Akasia Street, Lane.VIII...

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Autores principales:	Suryana K, Suharsono H, Antara IGPJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome oral candidiasis associated risk factors Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/590af10015834a77a3f7afea502b6647
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:590af10015834a77a3f7afea502b66472021-12-02T03:10:49ZFactors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study1179-1373https://doaj.org/article/590af10015834a77a3f7afea502b66472020-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/factors-associated-with-oral-candidiasis-in-people-living-with-hivaids-peer-reviewed-article-HIVhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1373Ketut Suryana, 1 Hamong Suharsono, 2 I Gede Putu Jarwa Antara 1 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wangaya Hospital of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty of Udayana, University of Denpasar, Bali, IndonesiaCorespondence: Ketut Suryana Akasia Street, Lane.VIII No. 22 Denpasar, Bali 80235, IndonesiaTel +62 859 537 839 44Email ketutsuryana@gmail.comBackground: Oral candidiasis (OC) is the most frequent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by Candida species overgrowth. A wide variety of risk factor that contributes to yeast infection especially candidiasis. It might be acting as an early marker for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are some risk factors for PLWHA associated OC at Wangaya hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Aim: To identify risk factors of OC in PLWHA at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Settings and Design: Case control study was conducted from March 1, 2016 and July 30, 2019, included 448 participants (207 cases and 241 controls). Consecutive recruitment was employed.Methods: Cases were PLWHA (18 to 60 years old) with OC and controls without OC. Diagnosis of OC based on the clinical features which are the pseudomembranous candidiasis; oral thrush. An interviewer administered a structured questionnaire used to collect information on risk factors. Statistical analysis used: bivariate analysis was performed on all variables. Chi-square test with statistically significant was at a level of 0.05.Results: The participants included 207 (46.20%) PLWHA with OC and 241 (53.80%) PLWHA who did not have OC. The majority participants, 293 (65.40%) were male. OC was associated with age [p = 0.03; OR = 0.66 (95% CI:0.45– 0.95)]; sex [p = 0.002; OR = 1.88 (95% CI:1.26– 2.80)]; Xerostomia [p = 0.000; OR = 4.15 (95% CI:2.76– 6.23)]; smoking [p = 0.000; OR = 6.83 (95% CI: 4.46– 10.44)]; alcohol consumption [p = 0.000; OR = 5.76 (95% CI: 3.74– 8.83)]; antibiotic usage [p = 0.000; OR = 4.49 (95% CI: 2.93– 6.90)]; CD4 count [p = 0.000; OR = 3.29 (95% CI:2.24– 4.86)]; HIV clinical stage [p = 0.000; OR = 3.58 (95% CI 2.39– 5.37)]. No significant association between prothesis with OC.Conclusion: We found that age, sex, xerostomia, smoking, alcohol consumption, antibiotic usage, CD4 counts and advanced HIV Clinical stage (AIDS) were significant associated risk factors for OC in PLWHA.Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, oral candidiasis, associated risk factorsSuryana KSuharsono HAntara IGPJDove Medical Pressarticlehuman immunodeficiency virusacquired immunodeficiency syndromeoral candidiasisassociated risk factorsImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENHIV/AIDS: Research and Palliative Care, Vol Volume 12, Pp 33-39 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome oral candidiasis associated risk factors Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome oral candidiasis associated risk factors Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Suryana K Suharsono H Antara IGPJ Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study
description	Ketut Suryana, 1 Hamong Suharsono, 2 I Gede Putu Jarwa Antara 1 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wangaya Hospital of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Faculty of Udayana, University of Denpasar, Bali, IndonesiaCorespondence: Ketut Suryana Akasia Street, Lane.VIII No. 22 Denpasar, Bali 80235, IndonesiaTel +62 859 537 839 44Email ketutsuryana@gmail.comBackground: Oral candidiasis (OC) is the most frequent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity caused by Candida species overgrowth. A wide variety of risk factor that contributes to yeast infection especially candidiasis. It might be acting as an early marker for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). There are some risk factors for PLWHA associated OC at Wangaya hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Aim: To identify risk factors of OC in PLWHA at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Settings and Design: Case control study was conducted from March 1, 2016 and July 30, 2019, included 448 participants (207 cases and 241 controls). Consecutive recruitment was employed.Methods: Cases were PLWHA (18 to 60 years old) with OC and controls without OC. Diagnosis of OC based on the clinical features which are the pseudomembranous candidiasis; oral thrush. An interviewer administered a structured questionnaire used to collect information on risk factors. Statistical analysis used: bivariate analysis was performed on all variables. Chi-square test with statistically significant was at a level of 0.05.Results: The participants included 207 (46.20%) PLWHA with OC and 241 (53.80%) PLWHA who did not have OC. The majority participants, 293 (65.40%) were male. OC was associated with age [p = 0.03; OR = 0.66 (95% CI:0.45– 0.95)]; sex [p = 0.002; OR = 1.88 (95% CI:1.26– 2.80)]; Xerostomia [p = 0.000; OR = 4.15 (95% CI:2.76– 6.23)]; smoking [p = 0.000; OR = 6.83 (95% CI: 4.46– 10.44)]; alcohol consumption [p = 0.000; OR = 5.76 (95% CI: 3.74– 8.83)]; antibiotic usage [p = 0.000; OR = 4.49 (95% CI: 2.93– 6.90)]; CD4 count [p = 0.000; OR = 3.29 (95% CI:2.24– 4.86)]; HIV clinical stage [p = 0.000; OR = 3.58 (95% CI 2.39– 5.37)]. No significant association between prothesis with OC.Conclusion: We found that age, sex, xerostomia, smoking, alcohol consumption, antibiotic usage, CD4 counts and advanced HIV Clinical stage (AIDS) were significant associated risk factors for OC in PLWHA.Keywords: human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, oral candidiasis, associated risk factors
format	article
author	Suryana K Suharsono H Antara IGPJ
author_facet	Suryana K Suharsono H Antara IGPJ
author_sort	Suryana K
title	Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study
title_short	Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study
title_full	Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study
title_fullStr	Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study
title_full_unstemmed	Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study
title_sort	factors associated with oral candidiasis in people living with hiv/aids: a case control study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/590af10015834a77a3f7afea502b6647
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Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Case Control Study

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