Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp

The gut microbiota is a complex group of microorganisms that is not only closely related to intestinal immunity but also affects the whole immune system of the body. Antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species participate in the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis in invertebrates. Howev...

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Autores principales:	Pan-Pan Hong, Xiao-Xu Zhu, Wen-Jie Yuan, Guo-Juan Niu, Jin-Xing Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	nitric oxide Marsupenaeus japonicus extracellular regulated protein kinase antimicrobial peptide microbiota Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5955f16f46354aebbf51785837d9f44b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5955f16f46354aebbf51785837d9f44b2021-12-03T06:09:00ZNitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.778098https://doaj.org/article/5955f16f46354aebbf51785837d9f44b2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.778098/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224The gut microbiota is a complex group of microorganisms that is not only closely related to intestinal immunity but also affects the whole immune system of the body. Antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species participate in the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis in invertebrates. However, it is unclear whether nitric oxide, as a key mediator of immunity that plays important roles in antipathogen activity and immune regulation, participates in the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis. In this study, we identified a nitric oxide synthase responsible for NO production in the shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. The expression of Nos and the NO concentration in the gastrointestinal tract were increased significantly in shrimp orally infected with Vibrio anguillarum. After RNA interference of Nos or treatment with an inhibitor of NOS, L-NMMA, NO production decreased and the gut bacterial load increased significantly in shrimp. Treatment with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, increased the NO level and reduced the bacterial load significantly in the shrimp gastrointestinal tract. Mechanistically, V. anguillarum infection increased NO level via upregulation of NOS and induced phosphorylation of ERK. The activated ERK phosphorylated the NF-κB-like transcription factor, dorsal, and caused nuclear translocation of dorsal to increase expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) responsible for bacterial clearance. In summary, as a signaling molecule, NOS-produced NO regulates intestinal microbiota homeostasis by promoting AMP expression against infected pathogens via the ERK-dorsal pathway in shrimp.Pan-Pan HongXiao-Xu ZhuWen-Jie YuanGuo-Juan NiuJin-Xing WangFrontiers Media S.A.articlenitric oxideMarsupenaeus japonicusextracellular regulated protein kinaseantimicrobial peptidemicrobiotaImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nitric oxide Marsupenaeus japonicus extracellular regulated protein kinase antimicrobial peptide microbiota Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	nitric oxide Marsupenaeus japonicus extracellular regulated protein kinase antimicrobial peptide microbiota Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Pan-Pan Hong Xiao-Xu Zhu Wen-Jie Yuan Guo-Juan Niu Jin-Xing Wang Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp
description	The gut microbiota is a complex group of microorganisms that is not only closely related to intestinal immunity but also affects the whole immune system of the body. Antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species participate in the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis in invertebrates. However, it is unclear whether nitric oxide, as a key mediator of immunity that plays important roles in antipathogen activity and immune regulation, participates in the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis. In this study, we identified a nitric oxide synthase responsible for NO production in the shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. The expression of Nos and the NO concentration in the gastrointestinal tract were increased significantly in shrimp orally infected with Vibrio anguillarum. After RNA interference of Nos or treatment with an inhibitor of NOS, L-NMMA, NO production decreased and the gut bacterial load increased significantly in shrimp. Treatment with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, increased the NO level and reduced the bacterial load significantly in the shrimp gastrointestinal tract. Mechanistically, V. anguillarum infection increased NO level via upregulation of NOS and induced phosphorylation of ERK. The activated ERK phosphorylated the NF-κB-like transcription factor, dorsal, and caused nuclear translocation of dorsal to increase expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) responsible for bacterial clearance. In summary, as a signaling molecule, NOS-produced NO regulates intestinal microbiota homeostasis by promoting AMP expression against infected pathogens via the ERK-dorsal pathway in shrimp.
format	article
author	Pan-Pan Hong Xiao-Xu Zhu Wen-Jie Yuan Guo-Juan Niu Jin-Xing Wang
author_facet	Pan-Pan Hong Xiao-Xu Zhu Wen-Jie Yuan Guo-Juan Niu Jin-Xing Wang
author_sort	Pan-Pan Hong
title	Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp
title_short	Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp
title_full	Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp
title_fullStr	Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp
title_full_unstemmed	Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp
title_sort	nitric oxide synthase regulates gut microbiota homeostasis by erk-nf-κb pathway in shrimp
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5955f16f46354aebbf51785837d9f44b
work_keys_str_mv	AT panpanhong nitricoxidesynthaseregulatesgutmicrobiotahomeostasisbyerknfkbpathwayinshrimp AT xiaoxuzhu nitricoxidesynthaseregulatesgutmicrobiotahomeostasisbyerknfkbpathwayinshrimp AT wenjieyuan nitricoxidesynthaseregulatesgutmicrobiotahomeostasisbyerknfkbpathwayinshrimp AT guojuanniu nitricoxidesynthaseregulatesgutmicrobiotahomeostasisbyerknfkbpathwayinshrimp AT jinxingwang nitricoxidesynthaseregulatesgutmicrobiotahomeostasisbyerknfkbpathwayinshrimp
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Gut Microbiota Homeostasis by ERK-NF-κB Pathway in Shrimp

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