Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing

An aircraft platform, ground-based disdrometer, cloud radar, radiometer, and automatic station were combined to study a snowfall case (16:30–21:00 observed by ground cloud radar) on the Yangqing Mountains in Beijing. Comparing the variation of ice habit and number concentration at aircraft altitude...

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Autores principales:	Yu Huang, Delong Zhao, Yuanmou Du, Yichen Chen, Lei Zhang, Xia Li, Yingying Jing
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Beijing mountains snowfall ground-based disdrometer aircraft platform vertical structure cComprehensive observation Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/596ca644e8a94012a75536681a8465cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:596ca644e8a94012a75536681a8465cd2021-11-12T07:05:39ZVertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing2296-665X10.3389/fenvs.2021.783356https://doaj.org/article/596ca644e8a94012a75536681a8465cd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.783356/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-665XAn aircraft platform, ground-based disdrometer, cloud radar, radiometer, and automatic station were combined to study a snowfall case (16:30–21:00 observed by ground cloud radar) on the Yangqing Mountains in Beijing. Comparing the variation of ice habit and number concentration at aircraft altitude (2.9–3.2 km) and ground, we discussed the ice growth mechanisms in the Beijing Mountains. Results indicated that the snowfall was steady but not strong with reflectivity less than 20dBZ, and cloud top altitude less than 4.5 km. The number concentrations for both liquid and ice crystals at aircraft altitude and ground were very similar, both dominated by small particles at diameters of 0.1–1.2 mm, and the proportion of mean number concentrations at small diameters both in the aircraft and on the ground was large, peaking at 44 L−1 mm−1 and 8826 L−1 mm−1 respectively, and decreased rapidly as the diameter increased. There was no mixed phase in clouds with little liquid water. Particles were relatively regular, and were transparent with dendritic and disk-hexagonal shapes. The ice crystals and snowflakes were mainly grown by the deposition and aggregation, rarely by the riming process, and no secondary ice formation was observed.Yu HuangYu HuangYu HuangDelong ZhaoDelong ZhaoDelong ZhaoYuanmou DuYuanmou DuYuanmou DuYichen ChenLei ZhangXia LiYingying JingFrontiers Media S.A.articleBeijing mountains snowfallground-based disdrometeraircraft platformvertical structurecComprehensive observationEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENFrontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Beijing mountains snowfall ground-based disdrometer aircraft platform vertical structure cComprehensive observation Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Beijing mountains snowfall ground-based disdrometer aircraft platform vertical structure cComprehensive observation Environmental sciences GE1-350 Yu Huang Yu Huang Yu Huang Delong Zhao Delong Zhao Delong Zhao Yuanmou Du Yuanmou Du Yuanmou Du Yichen Chen Lei Zhang Xia Li Yingying Jing Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing
description	An aircraft platform, ground-based disdrometer, cloud radar, radiometer, and automatic station were combined to study a snowfall case (16:30–21:00 observed by ground cloud radar) on the Yangqing Mountains in Beijing. Comparing the variation of ice habit and number concentration at aircraft altitude (2.9–3.2 km) and ground, we discussed the ice growth mechanisms in the Beijing Mountains. Results indicated that the snowfall was steady but not strong with reflectivity less than 20dBZ, and cloud top altitude less than 4.5 km. The number concentrations for both liquid and ice crystals at aircraft altitude and ground were very similar, both dominated by small particles at diameters of 0.1–1.2 mm, and the proportion of mean number concentrations at small diameters both in the aircraft and on the ground was large, peaking at 44 L−1 mm−1 and 8826 L−1 mm−1 respectively, and decreased rapidly as the diameter increased. There was no mixed phase in clouds with little liquid water. Particles were relatively regular, and were transparent with dendritic and disk-hexagonal shapes. The ice crystals and snowflakes were mainly grown by the deposition and aggregation, rarely by the riming process, and no secondary ice formation was observed.
format	article
author	Yu Huang Yu Huang Yu Huang Delong Zhao Delong Zhao Delong Zhao Yuanmou Du Yuanmou Du Yuanmou Du Yichen Chen Lei Zhang Xia Li Yingying Jing
author_facet	Yu Huang Yu Huang Yu Huang Delong Zhao Delong Zhao Delong Zhao Yuanmou Du Yuanmou Du Yuanmou Du Yichen Chen Lei Zhang Xia Li Yingying Jing
author_sort	Yu Huang
title	Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing
title_short	Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing
title_full	Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing
title_fullStr	Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing
title_full_unstemmed	Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing
title_sort	vertical structure of a snowfall event based on observations from the aircraft and mountain station in beijing
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/596ca644e8a94012a75536681a8465cd
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_version_	1718431107877175296

Vertical Structure of a Snowfall Event Based on Observations From the Aircraft and Mountain Station in Beijing

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