Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.

This paper classifies the karst landscapes of the Petén Plateau and defines the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin by illustrating the distribution of its karst hydrologic features. Archaeological and spatial research of the Mirador-Calakmul area of Guatemala and Mexico has shown it to be a karst basin wi...

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Autores principales:	Ross Ensley, Richard D Hansen, Carlos Morales-Aguilar, Josie Thompson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5979c4681e33413d8aece0732800c396
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5979c4681e33413d8aece0732800c3962021-12-02T20:18:51ZGeomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0255496https://doaj.org/article/5979c4681e33413d8aece0732800c3962021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255496https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203This paper classifies the karst landscapes of the Petén Plateau and defines the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin by illustrating the distribution of its karst hydrologic features. Archaeological and spatial research of the Mirador-Calakmul area of Guatemala and Mexico has shown it to be a karst basin with geopolitical implications. Current research characterizes the karst landscapes of the Petén Plateau, maps the distribution of karst hydrologic features, and delineates the basin in geomorphological terms. To further this aim, multiple forms of remote sensing data including orthophotographs, a satellite Digital Elevation Model, satellite multispectral images, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data have been integrated to interpret the karst features in the study area. Outcrop study and thin section analysis of the upper Buena Vista Formation document that the dominant lithologies are a shallow water algal boundstone interbedded with terrestrial caliche. Karst landforms have been mapped over the Petén Plateau and we identify five karst landscapes, the largest of which is a fluviokarst landscape dominated by karst valleys. We further map karst hydrologic features including seasonal swamps, dolines, intermittent lakes, intermittent streams, solution-enhanced fractures, and springs all of which are characteristic of drainage basins. Boundaries of the karst basin are mapped from multiple lines of evidence including distribution of the karst valleys, a line of springs along the western boundary of the fluviokarst landscape, and a surface drainage analysis. We capture and classify hydrologic data points and develop a regional groundwater map that indicates subsurface flow from east to west within the basin. A drainage map illustrates the extensive system of karst valleys, boundaries, and inferred groundwater flow paths of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin. It was within this geomorphological setting that the ancient Maya developed an extensive civilization during the Middle and Late Preclassic periods (1000 BCE-150 CE).Ross EnsleyRichard D HansenCarlos Morales-AguilarJosie ThompsonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0255496 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ross Ensley Richard D Hansen Carlos Morales-Aguilar Josie Thompson Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.
description	This paper classifies the karst landscapes of the Petén Plateau and defines the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin by illustrating the distribution of its karst hydrologic features. Archaeological and spatial research of the Mirador-Calakmul area of Guatemala and Mexico has shown it to be a karst basin with geopolitical implications. Current research characterizes the karst landscapes of the Petén Plateau, maps the distribution of karst hydrologic features, and delineates the basin in geomorphological terms. To further this aim, multiple forms of remote sensing data including orthophotographs, a satellite Digital Elevation Model, satellite multispectral images, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data have been integrated to interpret the karst features in the study area. Outcrop study and thin section analysis of the upper Buena Vista Formation document that the dominant lithologies are a shallow water algal boundstone interbedded with terrestrial caliche. Karst landforms have been mapped over the Petén Plateau and we identify five karst landscapes, the largest of which is a fluviokarst landscape dominated by karst valleys. We further map karst hydrologic features including seasonal swamps, dolines, intermittent lakes, intermittent streams, solution-enhanced fractures, and springs all of which are characteristic of drainage basins. Boundaries of the karst basin are mapped from multiple lines of evidence including distribution of the karst valleys, a line of springs along the western boundary of the fluviokarst landscape, and a surface drainage analysis. We capture and classify hydrologic data points and develop a regional groundwater map that indicates subsurface flow from east to west within the basin. A drainage map illustrates the extensive system of karst valleys, boundaries, and inferred groundwater flow paths of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin. It was within this geomorphological setting that the ancient Maya developed an extensive civilization during the Middle and Late Preclassic periods (1000 BCE-150 CE).
format	article
author	Ross Ensley Richard D Hansen Carlos Morales-Aguilar Josie Thompson
author_facet	Ross Ensley Richard D Hansen Carlos Morales-Aguilar Josie Thompson
author_sort	Ross Ensley
title	Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.
title_short	Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.
title_full	Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.
title_fullStr	Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.
title_full_unstemmed	Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.
title_sort	geomorphology of the mirador-calakmul karst basin: a gis-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5979c4681e33413d8aece0732800c396
work_keys_str_mv	AT rossensley geomorphologyofthemiradorcalakmulkarstbasinagisbasedapproachtohydrogeologicmapping AT richarddhansen geomorphologyofthemiradorcalakmulkarstbasinagisbasedapproachtohydrogeologicmapping AT carlosmoralesaguilar geomorphologyofthemiradorcalakmulkarstbasinagisbasedapproachtohydrogeologicmapping AT josiethompson geomorphologyofthemiradorcalakmulkarstbasinagisbasedapproachtohydrogeologicmapping
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Geomorphology of the Mirador-Calakmul Karst Basin: A GIS-based approach to hydrogeologic mapping.

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