Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier

Glaciers and their microbiomes are exceptional witnesses of the environmental conditions from remote times. Climate change is threatening mountain glaciers, and especially those found in southern Europe, such as the Monte Perdido Glacier (northern Spain, Central Pyrenees). This study focuses on the...

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Autores principales:	Eva Garcia-Lopez, Ana Moreno, Miguel Bartolomé, Maria Leunda, Carlos Sancho, Cristina Cid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	mountain glacier microbial community profiling next-generation sequencing environmental variables Pyrenees statistical approaches Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/599ef378cb044ae0bb8cd23ea7c4dd26
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:599ef378cb044ae0bb8cd23ea7c4dd262021-11-11T11:48:36ZGlacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.714537https://doaj.org/article/599ef378cb044ae0bb8cd23ea7c4dd262021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.714537/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XGlaciers and their microbiomes are exceptional witnesses of the environmental conditions from remote times. Climate change is threatening mountain glaciers, and especially those found in southern Europe, such as the Monte Perdido Glacier (northern Spain, Central Pyrenees). This study focuses on the reconstruction of the history of microbial communities over time. The microorganisms that inhabit the Monte Perdido Glacier were identified using high-throughput sequencing, and the microbial communities were compared along an altitudinal transect covering most of the preserved ice sequence in the glacier. The results showed that the glacial ice age gradient did shape the diversity of microbial populations, which presented large differences throughout the last 2000 years. Variations in microbial community diversity were influenced by glacial conditions over time (nutrient concentration, chemical composition, and ice age). Some groups were exclusively identified in the oldest samples as the bacterial phyla Fusobacteria and Calditrichaeota, or the eukaryotic class Rhodophyceae. Among groups only found in modern samples, the green sulfur bacteria (phylum Chlorobi) stood out, as well as the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes and the eukaryotic class Tubulinea. A patent impact of human contamination was also observed on the glacier microbiome. The oldest samples, corresponding to the Roman Empire times, were influenced by the beginning of mining exploitation in the Pyrenean area, with the presence of metal-tolerant microorganisms. The most recent samples comprise 600-year-old ancient ice in which current communities are living.Eva Garcia-LopezAna MorenoMiguel BartoloméMaria LeundaMaria LeundaCarlos SanchoCristina CidFrontiers Media S.A.articlemountain glaciermicrobial community profilingnext-generation sequencingenvironmental variablesPyreneesstatistical approachesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	mountain glacier microbial community profiling next-generation sequencing environmental variables Pyrenees statistical approaches Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	mountain glacier microbial community profiling next-generation sequencing environmental variables Pyrenees statistical approaches Microbiology QR1-502 Eva Garcia-Lopez Ana Moreno Miguel Bartolomé Maria Leunda Maria Leunda Carlos Sancho Cristina Cid Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier
description	Glaciers and their microbiomes are exceptional witnesses of the environmental conditions from remote times. Climate change is threatening mountain glaciers, and especially those found in southern Europe, such as the Monte Perdido Glacier (northern Spain, Central Pyrenees). This study focuses on the reconstruction of the history of microbial communities over time. The microorganisms that inhabit the Monte Perdido Glacier were identified using high-throughput sequencing, and the microbial communities were compared along an altitudinal transect covering most of the preserved ice sequence in the glacier. The results showed that the glacial ice age gradient did shape the diversity of microbial populations, which presented large differences throughout the last 2000 years. Variations in microbial community diversity were influenced by glacial conditions over time (nutrient concentration, chemical composition, and ice age). Some groups were exclusively identified in the oldest samples as the bacterial phyla Fusobacteria and Calditrichaeota, or the eukaryotic class Rhodophyceae. Among groups only found in modern samples, the green sulfur bacteria (phylum Chlorobi) stood out, as well as the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes and the eukaryotic class Tubulinea. A patent impact of human contamination was also observed on the glacier microbiome. The oldest samples, corresponding to the Roman Empire times, were influenced by the beginning of mining exploitation in the Pyrenean area, with the presence of metal-tolerant microorganisms. The most recent samples comprise 600-year-old ancient ice in which current communities are living.
format	article
author	Eva Garcia-Lopez Ana Moreno Miguel Bartolomé Maria Leunda Maria Leunda Carlos Sancho Cristina Cid
author_facet	Eva Garcia-Lopez Ana Moreno Miguel Bartolomé Maria Leunda Maria Leunda Carlos Sancho Cristina Cid
author_sort	Eva Garcia-Lopez
title	Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier
title_short	Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier
title_full	Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier
title_fullStr	Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier
title_full_unstemmed	Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier
title_sort	glacial ice age shapes microbiome composition in a receding southern european glacier
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/599ef378cb044ae0bb8cd23ea7c4dd26
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Glacial Ice Age Shapes Microbiome Composition in a Receding Southern European Glacier

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