Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan

Precipitation is a major determinant of vegetation growth. The impact of precipitation variability is more pronounced in ecosystems where sensitive vegetation is apparent. Therefore, understanding the relationship between precipitation and vegetation is vital to guide appropriate measures towards fr...

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Autores principales:	Shan-e-hyder Soomro, Caihong Hu, Shengqi Jian, Qiang Wu, Muhammad Waseem Boota, Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	kunhar river lagged correlation ndvi precipitation precipitation trend Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a0b6d54dcc04b3cb7194d3434ab60d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a0b6d54dcc04b3cb7194d3434ab60d72021-11-23T18:56:21ZPrecipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan1606-97491607-079810.2166/ws.2021.129https://doaj.org/article/5a0b6d54dcc04b3cb7194d3434ab60d72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://ws.iwaponline.com/content/21/7/3657https://doaj.org/toc/1606-9749https://doaj.org/toc/1607-0798Precipitation is a major determinant of vegetation growth. The impact of precipitation variability is more pronounced in ecosystems where sensitive vegetation is apparent. Therefore, understanding the relationship between precipitation and vegetation is vital to guide appropriate measures towards fragile biomes. We investigated the trends and correlations between precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for 1982–2015 over the Kunhar River basin, Pakistan, using satellite-derived NDVI and globally available interpolated precipitation datasets. Subsequently, we attempt to identify vegetation types that are influenced by precipitation changes. Results show a general decreasing trend in vegetation activity as we go from southern to northern portions of the basin. This decrease is also accompanied by the similarly decreasing precipitation trend in the same direction. The similarity of spatial patterns between the two variables can indicate that, in general, precipitation is playing a guiding role in determining vegetation distribution in the basin. Our lagged correlation analysis revealed that strong precipitation–vegetation correlations (r > 0.75) are rare in the basin. Agricultural and forested areas show moderate correlations (0.5 < r < 0.75) when NDVI is correlated with the previous month's precipitation values (lag1). In simultaneous month correlation (lag0) and the rest of the lagged correlations (lag2 and lag3), a weak association between precipitation and NDVI is observed. The moderate and weak correlations over the basin might indicate that precipitation is not the only factor influencing vegetation growth in the Kunhar River basin. Other climatic and biogeographic factors such as temperature, solar radiation, topography and soil characteristics also play additional roles in vegetation activities. The results can provide a technical basis and valuable reference to ecological management strategies in the Kunhar River basin for concerned decision-makers and stakeholders. HIGHLIGHTS To characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation–vegetation trends over the Kunhar River basin.; To identify the temporal extent and spatial patterns of vegetation response to precipitation by considering the time-lag effect.;Shan-e-hyder SoomroCaihong HuShengqi JianQiang WuMuhammad Waseem BootaMairaj Hyder Alias Aamir SoomroIWA Publishingarticlekunhar riverlagged correlationndviprecipitationprecipitation trendWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)TC401-506ENWater Supply, Vol 21, Iss 7, Pp 3657-3671 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	kunhar river lagged correlation ndvi precipitation precipitation trend Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506
spellingShingle	kunhar river lagged correlation ndvi precipitation precipitation trend Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Shan-e-hyder Soomro Caihong Hu Shengqi Jian Qiang Wu Muhammad Waseem Boota Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan
description	Precipitation is a major determinant of vegetation growth. The impact of precipitation variability is more pronounced in ecosystems where sensitive vegetation is apparent. Therefore, understanding the relationship between precipitation and vegetation is vital to guide appropriate measures towards fragile biomes. We investigated the trends and correlations between precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for 1982–2015 over the Kunhar River basin, Pakistan, using satellite-derived NDVI and globally available interpolated precipitation datasets. Subsequently, we attempt to identify vegetation types that are influenced by precipitation changes. Results show a general decreasing trend in vegetation activity as we go from southern to northern portions of the basin. This decrease is also accompanied by the similarly decreasing precipitation trend in the same direction. The similarity of spatial patterns between the two variables can indicate that, in general, precipitation is playing a guiding role in determining vegetation distribution in the basin. Our lagged correlation analysis revealed that strong precipitation–vegetation correlations (r > 0.75) are rare in the basin. Agricultural and forested areas show moderate correlations (0.5 < r < 0.75) when NDVI is correlated with the previous month's precipitation values (lag1). In simultaneous month correlation (lag0) and the rest of the lagged correlations (lag2 and lag3), a weak association between precipitation and NDVI is observed. The moderate and weak correlations over the basin might indicate that precipitation is not the only factor influencing vegetation growth in the Kunhar River basin. Other climatic and biogeographic factors such as temperature, solar radiation, topography and soil characteristics also play additional roles in vegetation activities. The results can provide a technical basis and valuable reference to ecological management strategies in the Kunhar River basin for concerned decision-makers and stakeholders. HIGHLIGHTS To characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation–vegetation trends over the Kunhar River basin.; To identify the temporal extent and spatial patterns of vegetation response to precipitation by considering the time-lag effect.;
format	article
author	Shan-e-hyder Soomro Caihong Hu Shengqi Jian Qiang Wu Muhammad Waseem Boota Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro
author_facet	Shan-e-hyder Soomro Caihong Hu Shengqi Jian Qiang Wu Muhammad Waseem Boota Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro
author_sort	Shan-e-hyder Soomro
title	Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan
title_short	Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan
title_full	Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan
title_fullStr	Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed	Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan
title_sort	precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in kunhar river basin, pakistan
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a0b6d54dcc04b3cb7194d3434ab60d7
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_version_	1718416155971944448

Precipitation changes and their relationships with vegetation responses during 1982–2015 in Kunhar River basin, Pakistan

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