The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization

Abstract Agricultural nutrient balances have been receiving increasing attention in both historical and nutrient management research. The main objectives of this study were to further develop balance methodologies and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the functioning and nutrient cycling of...

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Autores principales:	Miguel Carmo, Roberto García-Ruiz, Maria Isabel Ferreira, Tiago Domingos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a2703ef85094c56b7b700369e103429
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a2703ef85094c56b7b700369e1034292021-12-02T11:53:05ZThe N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization10.1038/s41598-017-08118-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5a2703ef85094c56b7b700369e1034292017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08118-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Agricultural nutrient balances have been receiving increasing attention in both historical and nutrient management research. The main objectives of this study were to further develop balance methodologies and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the functioning and nutrient cycling of 1950s agroecosystems in Portugal. Additionally, the main implications for the history of agriculture in Portugal were discussed from the standpoint of soil fertility. We used a mass balance approach that comprises virtually all nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) inputs and outputs from cropland topsoil for average conditions in the period 1951–56. We found a consistent deficit in N, both for nationwide (−2.1 kg.ha−1.yr−1) and arable crops (−1.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1) estimates, that was rectified in the turn to the 1960 decade. P and K were, in contrast, accumulating in the soil (4.2–4.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1 and 1.0–3.0 kg.ha−1.yr−1, respectively). We observed that the 1950s is the very moment of inflection from an agriculture fertilized predominantly through reused N in biomass (livestock excretions plus marine, plant and human waste sources) to one where chemical fertilizers prevailed. It is suggested that N deficiency played an important role in this transition.Miguel CarmoRoberto García-RuizMaria Isabel FerreiraTiago DomingosNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Miguel Carmo Roberto García-Ruiz Maria Isabel Ferreira Tiago Domingos The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization
description	Abstract Agricultural nutrient balances have been receiving increasing attention in both historical and nutrient management research. The main objectives of this study were to further develop balance methodologies and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the functioning and nutrient cycling of 1950s agroecosystems in Portugal. Additionally, the main implications for the history of agriculture in Portugal were discussed from the standpoint of soil fertility. We used a mass balance approach that comprises virtually all nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) inputs and outputs from cropland topsoil for average conditions in the period 1951–56. We found a consistent deficit in N, both for nationwide (−2.1 kg.ha−1.yr−1) and arable crops (−1.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1) estimates, that was rectified in the turn to the 1960 decade. P and K were, in contrast, accumulating in the soil (4.2–4.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1 and 1.0–3.0 kg.ha−1.yr−1, respectively). We observed that the 1950s is the very moment of inflection from an agriculture fertilized predominantly through reused N in biomass (livestock excretions plus marine, plant and human waste sources) to one where chemical fertilizers prevailed. It is suggested that N deficiency played an important role in this transition.
format	article
author	Miguel Carmo Roberto García-Ruiz Maria Isabel Ferreira Tiago Domingos
author_facet	Miguel Carmo Roberto García-Ruiz Maria Isabel Ferreira Tiago Domingos
author_sort	Miguel Carmo
title	The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization
title_short	The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization
title_full	The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization
title_fullStr	The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization
title_full_unstemmed	The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization
title_sort	n-p-k soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a2703ef85094c56b7b700369e103429
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The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of Portuguese cropland in the 1950s: The transition from organic to chemical fertilization

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