Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiology has been widely applied worldwide, but it is often contaminated by confounders other than cortical stimulus-evoked activities. Although advanced sham coils that elaborately mimic active stimulation have recently been developed, their performanc...

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Autores principales:	Mayuko Takano, Jiri Havlicek, Dan Phillips, Shinichiro Nakajima, Masaru Mimura, Yoshihiro Noda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	sham coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) magnetic flux monophasic stimulation figure-of-eight coil Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a2cc0489b914bea841dd5f1ee33eb30
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a2cc0489b914bea841dd5f1ee33eb302021-11-25T18:06:47ZDevelopment of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications10.3390/jpm111110582075-4426https://doaj.org/article/5a2cc0489b914bea841dd5f1ee33eb302021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1058https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4426Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiology has been widely applied worldwide, but it is often contaminated by confounders other than cortical stimulus-evoked activities. Although advanced sham coils that elaborately mimic active stimulation have recently been developed, their performance is not examined in detail. Developing such sham coils is crucial to improve the accuracy of TMS neurophysiology. Herein, we examined the specifications of the sham coil by comparison with the active coil. The magnetic flux and click sound pressure changes were measured when the stimulus intensity was varied from 10% to 100% maximum stimulator output (MSO), and the changes in coil surface temperature over time with continuous stimulation at 50% MSO for each coil. The magnetic flux change at the center of the coil showed a peak of 12.51 (kT/s) for the active coil, whereas it was 0.41 (kT/s) for the sham coil. Although both coils showed a linear change in magnetic flux as the stimulus intensity increased, due to the difference in coil winding structure, the sham coil took less than half the time to overheat and had 5 dB louder coil click sounds than the active coil. The sham coil showed a sufficiently small flux change at the center of the coil, but the flux change from the periphery of the coil was comparable to that of the active coil. Future use of high-quality sham coil will extend our understanding of the TMS neurophysiology of the cortex at the stimulation site.Mayuko TakanoJiri HavlicekDan PhillipsShinichiro NakajimaMasaru MimuraYoshihiro NodaMDPI AGarticlesham coiltranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)magnetic fluxmonophasic stimulationfigure-of-eight coilMedicineRENJournal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1058, p 1058 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sham coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) magnetic flux monophasic stimulation figure-of-eight coil Medicine R
spellingShingle	sham coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) magnetic flux monophasic stimulation figure-of-eight coil Medicine R Mayuko Takano Jiri Havlicek Dan Phillips Shinichiro Nakajima Masaru Mimura Yoshihiro Noda Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications
description	Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiology has been widely applied worldwide, but it is often contaminated by confounders other than cortical stimulus-evoked activities. Although advanced sham coils that elaborately mimic active stimulation have recently been developed, their performance is not examined in detail. Developing such sham coils is crucial to improve the accuracy of TMS neurophysiology. Herein, we examined the specifications of the sham coil by comparison with the active coil. The magnetic flux and click sound pressure changes were measured when the stimulus intensity was varied from 10% to 100% maximum stimulator output (MSO), and the changes in coil surface temperature over time with continuous stimulation at 50% MSO for each coil. The magnetic flux change at the center of the coil showed a peak of 12.51 (kT/s) for the active coil, whereas it was 0.41 (kT/s) for the sham coil. Although both coils showed a linear change in magnetic flux as the stimulus intensity increased, due to the difference in coil winding structure, the sham coil took less than half the time to overheat and had 5 dB louder coil click sounds than the active coil. The sham coil showed a sufficiently small flux change at the center of the coil, but the flux change from the periphery of the coil was comparable to that of the active coil. Future use of high-quality sham coil will extend our understanding of the TMS neurophysiology of the cortex at the stimulation site.
format	article
author	Mayuko Takano Jiri Havlicek Dan Phillips Shinichiro Nakajima Masaru Mimura Yoshihiro Noda
author_facet	Mayuko Takano Jiri Havlicek Dan Phillips Shinichiro Nakajima Masaru Mimura Yoshihiro Noda
author_sort	Mayuko Takano
title	Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications
title_short	Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications
title_full	Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications
title_fullStr	Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications
title_full_unstemmed	Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications
title_sort	development of an advanced sham coil for transcranial magnetic stimulation and examination of its specifications
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a2cc0489b914bea841dd5f1ee33eb30
work_keys_str_mv	AT mayukotakano developmentofanadvancedshamcoilfortranscranialmagneticstimulationandexaminationofitsspecifications AT jirihavlicek developmentofanadvancedshamcoilfortranscranialmagneticstimulationandexaminationofitsspecifications AT danphillips developmentofanadvancedshamcoilfortranscranialmagneticstimulationandexaminationofitsspecifications AT shinichironakajima developmentofanadvancedshamcoilfortranscranialmagneticstimulationandexaminationofitsspecifications AT masarumimura developmentofanadvancedshamcoilfortranscranialmagneticstimulationandexaminationofitsspecifications AT yoshihironoda developmentofanadvancedshamcoilfortranscranialmagneticstimulationandexaminationofitsspecifications
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Development of an Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Examination of Its Specifications

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