Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample

Background: While most clinical aggression questionnaires focus on the assessment of active aggression, the recently developed Test of Passive Aggression (TPA) assesses both self-directed (TPA-SD) and other-directed passive aggression (TPA-OD). Reliability and factorial validity of the TPA have been...

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Autores principales:	Christian Günter Schanz, Monika Equit, Sarah K. Schäfer, Tanja Michael
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	self-directed aggression passive aggression test development self-harm aggressive behavior Psychology BF1-990
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a36c441fca9462e9d5786ba77204802
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a36c441fca9462e9d5786ba772048022021-12-01T21:30:07ZConvergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample1664-107810.3389/fpsyg.2021.723413https://doaj.org/article/5a36c441fca9462e9d5786ba772048022021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723413/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Background: While most clinical aggression questionnaires focus on the assessment of active aggression, the recently developed Test of Passive Aggression (TPA) assesses both self-directed (TPA-SD) and other-directed passive aggression (TPA-OD). Reliability and factorial validity of the TPA have been demonstrated in a clinical sample, while previous evaluations of convergent and discriminant validity were limited to student samples. The current study aimed at addressing this gap by demonstrating convergent and discriminant validity of the TPA in an outpatient sample.Methods: Eighty-two patients admitted to an outpatient psychotherapy unit at Saarland University, Germany, participated in the preregistered study with an assessment of self-reported passive aggression, impulsivity, anger expression, self-compassion, self-esteem, and auto-aggressive mindset. Analyses used regression models with robust maximum likelihood estimations.Results: Self-directed passive aggression showed a significant association with self-compassion, auto-aggressive mindset, self-esteem, and internal anger expression supporting the convergent validity of TPA-SD. Results on discriminant validity of TPA-SD were heterogenous at the first sight, revealing small associations of self-directed passive aggression with anger control but medium associations with impulsivity. However, exploratory analysis showed that the medium association with impulsivity was driven by the non-behavioral impulsivity dimension “inattention” and that both behavioral impulsivity dimensions (“motor-impulsivity” and “unplanned behavior”) demonstrated only weak associations with TPA-SD. Validity of TPA-OD was not supported by the current study.Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence for the validity of the TPA-SD to outpatient samples. Future studies will need to analyze construct validity based on a nomological network using larger and more diverse samples.Christian Günter SchanzMonika EquitSarah K. SchäferTanja MichaelFrontiers Media S.A.articleself-directed aggressionpassive aggressiontest developmentself-harmaggressive behaviorPsychologyBF1-990ENFrontiers in Psychology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	self-directed aggression passive aggression test development self-harm aggressive behavior Psychology BF1-990
spellingShingle	self-directed aggression passive aggression test development self-harm aggressive behavior Psychology BF1-990 Christian Günter Schanz Monika Equit Sarah K. Schäfer Tanja Michael Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample
description	Background: While most clinical aggression questionnaires focus on the assessment of active aggression, the recently developed Test of Passive Aggression (TPA) assesses both self-directed (TPA-SD) and other-directed passive aggression (TPA-OD). Reliability and factorial validity of the TPA have been demonstrated in a clinical sample, while previous evaluations of convergent and discriminant validity were limited to student samples. The current study aimed at addressing this gap by demonstrating convergent and discriminant validity of the TPA in an outpatient sample.Methods: Eighty-two patients admitted to an outpatient psychotherapy unit at Saarland University, Germany, participated in the preregistered study with an assessment of self-reported passive aggression, impulsivity, anger expression, self-compassion, self-esteem, and auto-aggressive mindset. Analyses used regression models with robust maximum likelihood estimations.Results: Self-directed passive aggression showed a significant association with self-compassion, auto-aggressive mindset, self-esteem, and internal anger expression supporting the convergent validity of TPA-SD. Results on discriminant validity of TPA-SD were heterogenous at the first sight, revealing small associations of self-directed passive aggression with anger control but medium associations with impulsivity. However, exploratory analysis showed that the medium association with impulsivity was driven by the non-behavioral impulsivity dimension “inattention” and that both behavioral impulsivity dimensions (“motor-impulsivity” and “unplanned behavior”) demonstrated only weak associations with TPA-SD. Validity of TPA-OD was not supported by the current study.Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence for the validity of the TPA-SD to outpatient samples. Future studies will need to analyze construct validity based on a nomological network using larger and more diverse samples.
format	article
author	Christian Günter Schanz Monika Equit Sarah K. Schäfer Tanja Michael
author_facet	Christian Günter Schanz Monika Equit Sarah K. Schäfer Tanja Michael
author_sort	Christian Günter Schanz
title	Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample
title_short	Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample
title_full	Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample
title_fullStr	Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample
title_full_unstemmed	Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample
title_sort	convergent and discriminant validity of the test of passive aggression in a psychotherapy outpatient sample
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a36c441fca9462e9d5786ba77204802
work_keys_str_mv	AT christiangunterschanz convergentanddiscriminantvalidityofthetestofpassiveaggressioninapsychotherapyoutpatientsample AT monikaequit convergentanddiscriminantvalidityofthetestofpassiveaggressioninapsychotherapyoutpatientsample AT sarahkschafer convergentanddiscriminantvalidityofthetestofpassiveaggressioninapsychotherapyoutpatientsample AT tanjamichael convergentanddiscriminantvalidityofthetestofpassiveaggressioninapsychotherapyoutpatientsample
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Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Test of Passive Aggression in a Psychotherapy Outpatient Sample

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