Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>

Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO<sub>2</sub> revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mes...

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Autores principales:	Carolin Paul, Ulrich Sommer, Birte Matthiessen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	elevated temperature elevated CO<sub>2</sub> phytoplankton Baltic Sea morpho-functional traits climate changes Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a377f3709af4457a16830c1ad931a18
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a377f3709af4457a16830c1ad931a182021-11-25T18:24:54ZComposition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>10.3390/microorganisms91122942076-2607https://doaj.org/article/5a377f3709af4457a16830c1ad931a182021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2294https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO<sub>2</sub> revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phytoplankton groups gained from CO<sub>2</sub>. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in particular in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible <5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.Carolin PaulUlrich SommerBirte MatthiessenMDPI AGarticleelevated temperatureelevated CO<sub>2</sub>phytoplanktonBaltic Seamorpho-functional traitsclimate changesBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2294, p 2294 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	elevated temperature elevated CO<sub>2</sub> phytoplankton Baltic Sea morpho-functional traits climate changes Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	elevated temperature elevated CO<sub>2</sub> phytoplankton Baltic Sea morpho-functional traits climate changes Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Carolin Paul Ulrich Sommer Birte Matthiessen Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>
description	Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO<sub>2</sub> revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton into edible (>5 and <100 µm) and inedible (<5 and >100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phytoplankton groups gained from CO<sub>2</sub>. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> in particular in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible <5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.
format	article
author	Carolin Paul Ulrich Sommer Birte Matthiessen
author_facet	Carolin Paul Ulrich Sommer Birte Matthiessen
author_sort	Carolin Paul
title	Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>
title_short	Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>
title_full	Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>
title_fullStr	Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>
title_full_unstemmed	Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>
title_sort	composition and dominance of edible and inedible phytoplankton predict responses of baltic sea summer communities to elevated temperature and co<sub>2</sub>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a377f3709af4457a16830c1ad931a18
work_keys_str_mv	AT carolinpaul compositionanddominanceofedibleandinediblephytoplanktonpredictresponsesofbalticseasummercommunitiestoelevatedtemperatureandcosub2sub AT ulrichsommer compositionanddominanceofedibleandinediblephytoplanktonpredictresponsesofbalticseasummercommunitiestoelevatedtemperatureandcosub2sub AT birtematthiessen compositionanddominanceofedibleandinediblephytoplanktonpredictresponsesofbalticseasummercommunitiestoelevatedtemperatureandcosub2sub
_version_	1718411197055762432

Composition and Dominance of Edible and Inedible Phytoplankton Predict Responses of Baltic Sea Summer Communities to Elevated Temperature and CO<sub>2</sub>

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