Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus

Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases of insect-pathogenic fungi are a large family of extracellular cuticle-degrading enzymes that presumably determine a capability of hyphal invasion into insect hemocoel through normal cuticle infection, but remain poorly understood although often considered as virulence...

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Autores principales:	Ben-Jie Gao, Ya-Ni Mou, Sen-Miao Tong, Sheng-Hua Ying, Ming-Guang Feng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2020
Materias:	entomopathogenic fungi subtilisin-like pr1 proteases extracellular pr1 activity insect cuticle degradation pathogenicity virulence Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a42b5fd57db438d89801aa7b329f5f3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a42b5fd57db438d89801aa7b329f5f32021-11-17T14:21:58ZSubtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus2150-55942150-560810.1080/21505594.2020.1749487https://doaj.org/article/5a42b5fd57db438d89801aa7b329f5f32020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1749487https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5594https://doaj.org/toc/2150-5608Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases of insect-pathogenic fungi are a large family of extracellular cuticle-degrading enzymes that presumably determine a capability of hyphal invasion into insect hemocoel through normal cuticle infection, but remain poorly understood although often considered as virulence factors for genetic improvement of fungal potential against pests. Here, we report that not all of 11 Pr1 family members necessarily function in Beauveria bassiana, an ancient wide-spectrum pathogen evolved insect pathogenicity ~200 million years ago. These Pr1 proteases are phylogenetically similar to or distinct from 11 homologues (Pr1A–K) early named in Metarhizium anisopliae complex, a young entomopathogen lineage undergoing molecular evolution toward Pr1 diversification, and hence renamed Pr1A1/A2, Pr1B1–B3, Pr1 C, Pr1F1–F4,4 and Pr1 G, respectively. Multiple analyses of all single gene-deleted and rescued mutants led to the recognition of five conserved members (Pr1C, Pr1G, Pr1A2, Pr1B1, and Pr1B2) contributing significantly to the fungal pathogenicity to insect. The conserved Pr1 proteases were proven to function only in cuticle degradation, individually contribute 19–29% to virulence, but play no role in post-infection cellular events critical for fungal killing action. Six other Pr1 proteases were not functional at all in either cuticle degradation during host infection or virulence-related cellular events post-infection. Therefore, only the five conserved proteases are collectively required for, and hence mark evolution of, insect pathogenicity in B. bassiana. These findings provide the first referable base for insight into the evolution of Pr1 family members in different lineages of fungal insect pathogens.Ben-Jie GaoYa-Ni MouSen-Miao TongSheng-Hua YingMing-Guang FengTaylor & Francis Grouparticleentomopathogenic fungisubtilisin-like pr1 proteasesextracellular pr1 activityinsect cuticle degradationpathogenicityvirulenceInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENVirulence, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 365-380 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	entomopathogenic fungi subtilisin-like pr1 proteases extracellular pr1 activity insect cuticle degradation pathogenicity virulence Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	entomopathogenic fungi subtilisin-like pr1 proteases extracellular pr1 activity insect cuticle degradation pathogenicity virulence Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Ben-Jie Gao Ya-Ni Mou Sen-Miao Tong Sheng-Hua Ying Ming-Guang Feng Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus
description	Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases of insect-pathogenic fungi are a large family of extracellular cuticle-degrading enzymes that presumably determine a capability of hyphal invasion into insect hemocoel through normal cuticle infection, but remain poorly understood although often considered as virulence factors for genetic improvement of fungal potential against pests. Here, we report that not all of 11 Pr1 family members necessarily function in Beauveria bassiana, an ancient wide-spectrum pathogen evolved insect pathogenicity ~200 million years ago. These Pr1 proteases are phylogenetically similar to or distinct from 11 homologues (Pr1A–K) early named in Metarhizium anisopliae complex, a young entomopathogen lineage undergoing molecular evolution toward Pr1 diversification, and hence renamed Pr1A1/A2, Pr1B1–B3, Pr1 C, Pr1F1–F4,4 and Pr1 G, respectively. Multiple analyses of all single gene-deleted and rescued mutants led to the recognition of five conserved members (Pr1C, Pr1G, Pr1A2, Pr1B1, and Pr1B2) contributing significantly to the fungal pathogenicity to insect. The conserved Pr1 proteases were proven to function only in cuticle degradation, individually contribute 19–29% to virulence, but play no role in post-infection cellular events critical for fungal killing action. Six other Pr1 proteases were not functional at all in either cuticle degradation during host infection or virulence-related cellular events post-infection. Therefore, only the five conserved proteases are collectively required for, and hence mark evolution of, insect pathogenicity in B. bassiana. These findings provide the first referable base for insight into the evolution of Pr1 family members in different lineages of fungal insect pathogens.
format	article
author	Ben-Jie Gao Ya-Ni Mou Sen-Miao Tong Sheng-Hua Ying Ming-Guang Feng
author_facet	Ben-Jie Gao Ya-Ni Mou Sen-Miao Tong Sheng-Hua Ying Ming-Guang Feng
author_sort	Ben-Jie Gao
title	Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus
title_short	Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus
title_full	Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus
title_fullStr	Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus
title_full_unstemmed	Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus
title_sort	subtilisin-like pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a42b5fd57db438d89801aa7b329f5f3
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Subtilisin-like Pr1 proteases marking the evolution of pathogenicity in a wide-spectrum insect-pathogenic fungus

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