Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago

The Holland (2010) parametric wind model has been extensively utilized in tropical cyclone and storm surge-related coastal hazard mitigation and management studies. The only remaining input parameter, the radius of maximum wind speed (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998...

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Autores principales:	Shuaikang Zhao, Ziwei Liu, Xiaoran Wei, Bo Li, Yefei Bai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	radius of maximum wind speed parametric wind model tropical cyclones Holland model Zhoushan Archipelago Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a4693b795974e91ae5707589fe6753b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a4693b795974e91ae5707589fe6753b2021-11-11T19:24:41ZIntercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago10.3390/su1321116732071-1050https://doaj.org/article/5a4693b795974e91ae5707589fe6753b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11673https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The Holland (2010) parametric wind model has been extensively utilized in tropical cyclone and storm surge-related coastal hazard mitigation and management studies. The only remaining input parameter, the radius of maximum wind speed (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), is usually generated by previously proposed empirical relations which are, however, sensitivity to study areas in producing better performed numerical results. In order to acquire optimal <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> formulations over the region of Zhoushan Archipelago, East China Sea, 16 empirical relations were compiled into the Holland (2010) model to produce time series of the pressure, wind speed, and wind direction in comparison to observational records taken at three stations during the tropical cyclone events of Ampil and Rumbai. Their respective agreements were evaluated by error metrices including the root mean square error, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, and scatter index, whilst the overall performances of the 16 formulations were ranked according to a proposed comprehensive error. In the following order, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> formulations of Lu (2012), Zhou (2005), Kato (2018), and Jiang (2008) ranked the best for both events in terms of their minimum comprehensive errors; however, recommendations on the application of specific empirical formulations for the region of Zhoushan Archipelago are also provided herein from the perspective of conservation and accuracy.Shuaikang ZhaoZiwei LiuXiaoran WeiBo LiYefei BaiMDPI AGarticleradius of maximum wind speedparametric wind modeltropical cyclonesHolland modelZhoushan ArchipelagoEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11673, p 11673 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	radius of maximum wind speed parametric wind model tropical cyclones Holland model Zhoushan Archipelago Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	radius of maximum wind speed parametric wind model tropical cyclones Holland model Zhoushan Archipelago Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Shuaikang Zhao Ziwei Liu Xiaoran Wei Bo Li Yefei Bai Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago
description	The Holland (2010) parametric wind model has been extensively utilized in tropical cyclone and storm surge-related coastal hazard mitigation and management studies. The only remaining input parameter, the radius of maximum wind speed (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), is usually generated by previously proposed empirical relations which are, however, sensitivity to study areas in producing better performed numerical results. In order to acquire optimal <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> formulations over the region of Zhoushan Archipelago, East China Sea, 16 empirical relations were compiled into the Holland (2010) model to produce time series of the pressure, wind speed, and wind direction in comparison to observational records taken at three stations during the tropical cyclone events of Ampil and Rumbai. Their respective agreements were evaluated by error metrices including the root mean square error, correlation coefficient, mean bias error, and scatter index, whilst the overall performances of the 16 formulations were ranked according to a proposed comprehensive error. In the following order, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> formulations of Lu (2012), Zhou (2005), Kato (2018), and Jiang (2008) ranked the best for both events in terms of their minimum comprehensive errors; however, recommendations on the application of specific empirical formulations for the region of Zhoushan Archipelago are also provided herein from the perspective of conservation and accuracy.
format	article
author	Shuaikang Zhao Ziwei Liu Xiaoran Wei Bo Li Yefei Bai
author_facet	Shuaikang Zhao Ziwei Liu Xiaoran Wei Bo Li Yefei Bai
author_sort	Shuaikang Zhao
title	Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago
title_short	Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago
title_full	Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago
title_fullStr	Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago
title_full_unstemmed	Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago
title_sort	intercomparison of empirical formulations of maximum wind radius in parametric tropical storm modeling over zhoushan archipelago
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a4693b795974e91ae5707589fe6753b
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Intercomparison of Empirical Formulations of Maximum Wind Radius in Parametric Tropical Storm Modeling over Zhoushan Archipelago

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