<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, and their resilience is derived in part from a complex extracellular matrix that can be tailored to meet environmental demands. Although common developmental stages leading to biofilm formation have been described, how the extracellular component...

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Autores principales:	Chia Hung, Yizhou Zhou, Jerome S. Pinkner, Karen W. Dodson, Jan R. Crowley, John Heuser, Matthew R. Chapman, Maria Hadjifrangiskou, Jeffrey P. Henderson, Scott J. Hultgren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a4bcd5b79014d9682f23bd1cacb04a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a4bcd5b79014d9682f23bd1cacb04a02021-11-15T15:42:47Z<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure10.1128/mBio.00645-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/5a4bcd5b79014d9682f23bd1cacb04a02013-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00645-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, and their resilience is derived in part from a complex extracellular matrix that can be tailored to meet environmental demands. Although common developmental stages leading to biofilm formation have been described, how the extracellular components are organized to allow three-dimensional biofilm development is not well understood. Here we show that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains produce a biofilm with a highly ordered and complex extracellular matrix (ECM). We used electron microscopy (EM) techniques to image floating biofilms (pellicles) formed by UPEC. EM revealed intricately constructed substructures within the ECM that encase individual, spatially segregated bacteria with a distinctive morphology. Mutational and biochemical analyses of these biofilms confirmed curli as a major matrix component and revealed important roles for cellulose, flagella, and type 1 pili in pellicle integrity and ECM infrastructure. Collectively, the findings of this study elucidated that UPEC pellicles have a highly organized ultrastructure that varies spatially across the multicellular community. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can form biofilms in diverse niches, including abiotic surfaces, living cells, and at the air-liquid interface of liquid media. Encasing these cellular communities is a self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM) that can be composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. The ECM protects biofilm bacteria from environmental insults and also makes the dissolution of biofilms very challenging. As a result, formation of biofilms within humans (during infection) or on industrial material (such as water pipes) has detrimental and costly effects. In order to combat bacterial biofilms, a better understanding of components required for biofilm formation and the ECM is required. This study defined the ECM composition and architecture of floating pellicle biofilms formed by Escherichia coli.Chia HungYizhou ZhouJerome S. PinknerKaren W. DodsonJan R. CrowleyJohn HeuserMatthew R. ChapmanMaria HadjifrangiskouJeffrey P. HendersonScott J. HultgrenAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 5 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Chia Hung Yizhou Zhou Jerome S. Pinkner Karen W. Dodson Jan R. Crowley John Heuser Matthew R. Chapman Maria Hadjifrangiskou Jeffrey P. Henderson Scott J. Hultgren <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure
description	ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, and their resilience is derived in part from a complex extracellular matrix that can be tailored to meet environmental demands. Although common developmental stages leading to biofilm formation have been described, how the extracellular components are organized to allow three-dimensional biofilm development is not well understood. Here we show that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains produce a biofilm with a highly ordered and complex extracellular matrix (ECM). We used electron microscopy (EM) techniques to image floating biofilms (pellicles) formed by UPEC. EM revealed intricately constructed substructures within the ECM that encase individual, spatially segregated bacteria with a distinctive morphology. Mutational and biochemical analyses of these biofilms confirmed curli as a major matrix component and revealed important roles for cellulose, flagella, and type 1 pili in pellicle integrity and ECM infrastructure. Collectively, the findings of this study elucidated that UPEC pellicles have a highly organized ultrastructure that varies spatially across the multicellular community. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can form biofilms in diverse niches, including abiotic surfaces, living cells, and at the air-liquid interface of liquid media. Encasing these cellular communities is a self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM) that can be composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. The ECM protects biofilm bacteria from environmental insults and also makes the dissolution of biofilms very challenging. As a result, formation of biofilms within humans (during infection) or on industrial material (such as water pipes) has detrimental and costly effects. In order to combat bacterial biofilms, a better understanding of components required for biofilm formation and the ECM is required. This study defined the ECM composition and architecture of floating pellicle biofilms formed by Escherichia coli.
format	article
author	Chia Hung Yizhou Zhou Jerome S. Pinkner Karen W. Dodson Jan R. Crowley John Heuser Matthew R. Chapman Maria Hadjifrangiskou Jeffrey P. Henderson Scott J. Hultgren
author_facet	Chia Hung Yizhou Zhou Jerome S. Pinkner Karen W. Dodson Jan R. Crowley John Heuser Matthew R. Chapman Maria Hadjifrangiskou Jeffrey P. Henderson Scott J. Hultgren
author_sort	Chia Hung
title	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure
title_short	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure
title_full	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure
title_fullStr	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure
title_full_unstemmed	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure
title_sort	<named-content content-type="genus-species">escherichia coli</named-content> biofilms have an organized and complex extracellular matrix structure
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a4bcd5b79014d9682f23bd1cacb04a0
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<named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content> Biofilms Have an Organized and Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure

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