Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration

Abstract Wood is an integral part of a river ecosystem and the number of restoration projects using log placements is increasing. Physical model tests were used to explore how the wood position and submergence level (discharge) affect wake structure, and hence the resulting habitat. We observed a vo...

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Autores principales:	Isabella Schalko, Ellen Wohl, Heidi M. Nepf
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a5fa5069dc2448d8be2453980762b54
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a5fa5069dc2448d8be2453980762b542021-12-02T18:27:50ZFlow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration10.1038/s41598-021-87892-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5a5fa5069dc2448d8be2453980762b542021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87892-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Wood is an integral part of a river ecosystem and the number of restoration projects using log placements is increasing. Physical model tests were used to explore how the wood position and submergence level (discharge) affect wake structure, and hence the resulting habitat. We observed a von-Kármán vortex street (VS) for emergent logs placed at the channel center, while no VS formed for submerged logs, because the flow entering the wake from above the log (sweeping flow) inhibited VS formation. As a result, emergent logs placed at the channel center resulted in ten times higher turbulent kinetic energy compared to submerged logs. In addition, both spatial variation in time-mean velocity and turbulence level increased with increasing log length and decreasing submergence level. Submerged logs and logs placed at the channel side created a greater velocity deficit and a longer recirculation zone, both of which can increase the residence time in the wake and deposition of organic matter and nutrients. The results demonstrate that variation in log size and degree of submergence can be used as a tool to vary habitat suitability for different fish preferences. To maximize habitat diversity in rivers, we suggest a diverse large wood placement.Isabella SchalkoEllen WohlHeidi M. NepfNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Isabella Schalko Ellen Wohl Heidi M. Nepf Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration
description	Abstract Wood is an integral part of a river ecosystem and the number of restoration projects using log placements is increasing. Physical model tests were used to explore how the wood position and submergence level (discharge) affect wake structure, and hence the resulting habitat. We observed a von-Kármán vortex street (VS) for emergent logs placed at the channel center, while no VS formed for submerged logs, because the flow entering the wake from above the log (sweeping flow) inhibited VS formation. As a result, emergent logs placed at the channel center resulted in ten times higher turbulent kinetic energy compared to submerged logs. In addition, both spatial variation in time-mean velocity and turbulence level increased with increasing log length and decreasing submergence level. Submerged logs and logs placed at the channel side created a greater velocity deficit and a longer recirculation zone, both of which can increase the residence time in the wake and deposition of organic matter and nutrients. The results demonstrate that variation in log size and degree of submergence can be used as a tool to vary habitat suitability for different fish preferences. To maximize habitat diversity in rivers, we suggest a diverse large wood placement.
format	article
author	Isabella Schalko Ellen Wohl Heidi M. Nepf
author_facet	Isabella Schalko Ellen Wohl Heidi M. Nepf
author_sort	Isabella Schalko
title	Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration
title_short	Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration
title_full	Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration
title_fullStr	Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration
title_full_unstemmed	Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration
title_sort	flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a5fa5069dc2448d8be2453980762b54
work_keys_str_mv	AT isabellaschalko flowandwakecharacteristicsassociatedwithlargewoodtoinformriverrestoration AT ellenwohl flowandwakecharacteristicsassociatedwithlargewoodtoinformriverrestoration AT heidimnepf flowandwakecharacteristicsassociatedwithlargewoodtoinformriverrestoration
_version_	1718377977862946816

Flow and wake characteristics associated with large wood to inform river restoration

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